Substituted oximes, hydrazones and olefins as neurokinin antagonists

ABSTRACT

Compound represented by the structural formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a is 0, 1, 2 or3; 
     b, d and e are independently 0, 1 or 2; 
     R is H, C 1-6  alkyl, --OH or C 2  -C 6  hydroxyalkyl; 
     A is an optionally substituted oxime, hydrazone or olefin; 
     X is a bond, --C(O)--, --O--, --NR 6  --, --S(O)e--, --N(R 6 )C(O)--, --C(O)N(R 6 )-- --OC(O)NR 6  --, --OC(═S)NR 6  --, --N(R 6 )C(═S)O--, --C(═NOR 1 )--, --S(O) 2  N(R 6 )--, --N(R 6 )S(O) 2  --, --N(R 6 )C(O)O-- or --OC(O)--; 
     T is H, phthalimidyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or bridged cycloalkyl; 
     Q is --SR 6 , --N(R 6 )(R 7 ), --OR 6 , phenyl, naphthyl or heteroaryl; 
     R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 9a , R 6  and R 7  are H, C 1-6  alkyl, C 2  -C 6  hydroxyalkyl, C 1  -C 6  alkoxy-C 1  -C 6  alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; or R 6  and R 7 , together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a ring; 
     R 9a  is R 6  or --OR 6  ; 
     Z is morpholinyl, optionally N-substituted piperazinyl, optionally substituted ##STR2## or substituted ##STR3## g is 0-3 and h is 1-4, provided the sum of h and g is 1-7; wherein aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and bridged cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted; methods of treating asthma, cough, bronchospasm, imflammatory diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders with said compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 08/641,384, filed Apr. 30, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,696,267 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/460,819, filed Jun. 1, 1995, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/432,740, filed May 2, 1995. now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a genus of substituted oximes, hydrazones and olefins useful as antagonists of tachykinin receptors, in particular as antagonists of the neuropeptides neurokinin-1 receptor (NK₁) and/or neurokinin-2 receptor (NK₂) and/or neurokinin-3 receptor (NK₃).

Neurokinin receptors are found in the nervous system and the circulatory system and peripheral tissues of mammals, and therefore are involved in a variety of biological processes. Neurokinin receptor antagonists are consequently expected to be useful in the treatment or prevention of various mammalian disease states, for example asthma, cough, bronchospasm, inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, central nervous system conditions such as migraine and epilepsy, nociception, and various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease.

In particular, NK₁ receptors have been reported to be involved in microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, and NK₂ receptors have been associated with smooth muscle contraction, making NK₁ and NK₂ receptor antagonists especially useful in the treatment and prevention of asthma.

Some NK₁ and NK₂ receptor antagonists have previously been disclosed: arylalkylamines were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,852, issued Sep. 27, 1994, and spiro-substituted azacycles were disclosed in WO 94/29309, published Dec. 22, 1994.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of the present invention are represented by the formula I ##STR4## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

b and d are independently 0, 1 or 2;

R is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --OR⁶ or C₂ -C₆ hydroxyalkyl;

A is ═N--OR¹, ═N--N(R²)(R³), ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²) or ═NR²⁵ ;

X is a bond, --C(O)--, --O--, --NR⁶ --, --S(O)e--, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --C(O)N(R⁶)-- --OC(O)NR⁶ --, --OC(═S)NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)C(═S)O--, --C(═NOR¹)--, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)--, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ --, --N(R⁶)C(O)O-- or --OC(O)--, provided that when d is 0, X is a bond, --C(O)--, --NR⁶ --, --C(O)N(R⁶)--, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --OC(O)NR⁶ --, --C(═NOR¹)--, --N(R⁶)C(═S)O--, --OC(═S)NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)O--; provided that when A is ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²) and d is 0, X is not --NR⁶ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)--; and provided that when A is ═NR²⁵, d is 0 and X is --NR⁶ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)--;

T is H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heterocycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, phthalimidyl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl or R¹⁰ -bridged cycloalkyl;

Q is R⁵ -phenyl, R⁵ -naphthyl, --SR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷), --OR⁶ or R⁵ -hetero-aryl, provided that when Q is --SR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷) or --OR⁶, R is not --OR⁶ ;

R¹ is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(n) --G, --G², --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(p) --M-- (C(R¹³)(R¹⁴))_(n) --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --G, --C(O)N(R⁶)--(C(R¹³)(R¹⁴))_(n) --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --G or --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(p) --M--(R⁴ -heteroaryl);

R² and R³ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --CN, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(n) --G, --G², --C(O)--(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(n) --G and --S(O)_(e) R¹³ ; or R² and R³, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a ring of 5 to 6 members, wherein 0, 1 or 2 ring members are selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N(R¹⁹)--;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogeno, --OR⁶, --OC(O)R⁶, --OC(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁶)(R⁷), C₁₋₆ alkyl, --CF₃, --C₂ F₅, --COR⁶, --CO₂ R⁶, --CON(R⁶)(R⁷), --S(O)_(e) R¹³, --CN, --OCF₃, --NR⁶ CO₂ R¹⁶, --NR⁶ COR⁷, --NR⁸ CON(R⁶)(R⁷), R¹⁵ -phenyl, R¹⁵ -benzyl, NO₂, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ R¹³ or --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷); or adjacent R⁴ substituents or adjacent R⁵ substituents can form a --O--CH₂ --O-- group; and R⁴ can also be R¹⁵ -heteroaryl;

R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a), R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂ -C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkoxy-C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R¹⁵ -phenyl, and R¹⁵ -benzyl; or R⁶ and R⁷, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a ring of 5 to 6 members, wherein 0, 1 or 2 ring members are selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N(R¹⁹)--;

R⁹ and R^(9a) are independently selected from the group consisting of R⁶ and --OR⁶

R¹⁰ and R^(10a) are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl;

R¹¹ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --CO₂ R⁶, --OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), C₁ -C6 hydroxyalkyl, -(CH₂)_(r) --OC(O)R⁶, --(CH₂)_(r) OC(O)CH═CH₂, --(CH₂)_(r) --O(CH₂)_(s) --CO₂ R⁶, --(CH₂)_(r) --O--(CH₂)_(s) --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷) and --(CH₂)_(r) --N(R⁶)(R⁷);

R¹⁵ is 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkoxy, C₁ -C₆ alkylthio, halogeno, --CF₃, --C₂ F₅, --COR¹⁰, --CO₂ R¹⁰, --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, --S(O)_(e) R^(10a), --CN, --N(R¹⁰)COR¹⁰, --N(R¹⁰)CON(R¹⁰)₂ and --NO₂ ;

R¹⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, R¹⁵ -phenyl or R¹⁵ -benzyl;

R19 is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, --CO₂ R¹⁰, --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(f) --CO₂ R¹⁰ or --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂ ;

f, n, p, r and s are independently 1-6;

u is0-6;

G is selected from the group consisting of H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -hetero-cycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --OR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷), --COR⁶, --CO₂ R⁶, --CON(R⁷)(R⁹), --S(O)_(e) R¹³, --NR⁶ CO₂ R¹⁶, --NR⁶ COR⁷, --NR⁸ CON(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ R¹³, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷), --OC(O)R⁶, --OC(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(═NOR⁸)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁸)C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --CN, --C(O)N(R⁶)OR⁷, and --C(O)N(R⁹)-(R⁴ -heteroaryl), provided that when n is 1 and u is 0, or when R⁹ is --OR⁶, G is not --OH or --N(R⁶)(R⁷);

M is selected from the group consisting of a double bond, --O--, --N(R⁶)--, --C(O)--, --C(R⁶)(OR⁷)--, --C(R⁸)(N (R⁶)(R⁷))--, --C(═NOR⁶) N(R⁷)--, --C(N(R⁶)(R⁷))═NO--, --C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)--, --C(O)N (R⁹)--, --N(R⁹)C(O)--, --C(═S)N(R⁹)--, --N(R⁹)C(═S)-- and --N(R⁶)C(O)N(R⁷)--, provided that when n is 1, G is not OH or --NH(R⁶); and when p is 2-6,M can also be --N(R⁶)C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁷)-- or --OC(O)N(R⁶)--;

G² is R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heterocycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --COR⁶, --CO₂ R¹⁶, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷) or --CON (R⁶)(R⁷);

e is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when e is 1 or 2, R¹³ and R^(10a) are not H;

R²⁵ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --CN, R¹⁵ -phenyl or R¹⁵ -benzyl;

Z is ##STR5##

g and j are independently 0-3;

h and k are independently 1-4, provided the sum of h and g is 1-7;

J is two hydrogen atoms, ═O, ═S, ═NR⁹ or ═NOR¹ ;

L and L¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkenyl, --CH₂ -cycloalkyl, R¹⁵ -benzyl, R¹⁵ -heteroaryl, --C(O)R⁶, --(CH₂)_(m) --OR⁶, --(CH₂)_(m) --N(R⁶)(R⁷), --(CH₂)_(m) --C(O)--OR⁶ and --(CH₂)_(m) --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷);

m is 0 to 4, provided that when j is 0,M is 1-4;

R²⁶ and R²⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -aryl and R⁴ -heteroaryl; or R²⁶ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -aryl or R⁴ -heteroaryl, and R²⁷ is --C(O)R⁶, --C(O)--N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(O)(R⁴ -aryl), --C(O) (R⁴ -heteroaryl), --SO₂ R¹³ or --SO₂ --(R⁴ -aryl);

R²⁸ is H, --(C(R⁶)(R¹⁹))_(t) --G, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(v) --G² or --NO₂ ;

t and v are 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that when j is 0, t is 1, 2 or 3;

R²⁹ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --C(R¹⁰)₂ S(O)_(e) R⁶, R⁴ -phenyl or R⁴ -heteroaryl;

R³⁰ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --(C(R¹⁰)₂)_(w) --(R⁴ -phenyl), --(C(R¹⁰)₂)_(w) --(R⁴ -heteroaryl), --C(O)R⁶, --C(O)OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), ##STR6##

w is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

V is ═O, ═S or ═NR⁶ ; and

q is 0-4.

Preferred are compounds of formula I wherein X is --O--, --C(O)--, a bond, --NR⁶ --, --S(O)_(e) --, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --OC(O)NR⁶ or --C(═NOR¹)--. More preferred are compounds of formula I wherein X is --O--, --NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)C(O)-- or --OC(O)NR⁶. Additional preferred definitions are: b is 1 or 2 when X is --O-- or --N(R⁶)--; b is 0 when X is --N(R⁶)C(O)--; and d is 1 or 2. T is preferably R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl or R¹⁰ -bridged cycloalkyl, with R⁴ -aryl, especially R⁴ -phenyl, being more preferred. Also preferred are compounds wherein R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a) and R^(9a) are independently hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxyalkyl, with hydrogen being more preferred. Especially preferred are compounds wherein R^(8a) and R^(9a) are each hydrogen, d and b are each 1, X is --O--, --NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)C(O)-- or --OC(O)NR⁶, T is R⁴ -aryl and R⁴ is two substituents selected from C₁ -C⁶ alkyl, halogeno, --CF₃ and C₁ -C⁶ alkoxy. Preferred definitions for T being R⁴ -heteroaryl include R⁴ -quinolinyl and oxadiazolyl.

Also preferred are compounds of formula I wherein R is hydrogen. Q is preferably R⁵ -phenyl, R₅ -naphthyl or R⁵ -heteroaryl; an especially preferred definition for Q is R⁵ -phenyl, wherein R⁵ is preferably two halogen substituents.

Preferred are compounds of formula I wherein A is ═N--OR¹ or ═N--N(R²)(R³). More preferred are compounds wherein A is ═N--OR¹. R¹ is preferably H, alkyl, --(CH₂)_(n) --G, --(CH₂)_(p) --M--(CH₂)_(n) --G or --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), wherein M is --O-- or --C(O)N(R⁹)-- and G is --CO₂ R⁶, --OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁹), --C(═NOR⁸)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(O)N(R⁹)(R⁴ -heteroaryl) or R⁴ -heteroaryl. R² and R³ are independently preferably H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(n) --G or G².

Preferred definitions of Z are ##STR7## with the following groups being more preferred: ##STR8##

This invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula I in the treatment of asthma, cough, bronchospasm, inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, central nervous system conditions such as migraine and epilepsy, nociception, and various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also relates to the use of said pharmaceutical composition in the treatment of asthma, cough, bronchospasm, inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, migraine, nociception, and various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the term "alkyl" means straight or branched alkyl chains. "Lower alkyl" refers to alkyl chains of 1-6 carbon atoms and, similarly, lower alkoxy refers to alkoxy chains of 1-6 carbon atoms.

"Cycloalkyl" means cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. "Bridged cycloalkyl" refers to C₇ -C₁₀ saturated rings comprised of a cycloalkyl ring or a fused bicycloalkyl ring and an alkylene chain joined at each end to non-adjacent carbon atoms of the ring or rings. Examples of such bridged bicycloalkyl rings are adamantyl, myrtanyl, noradamantyl, norbornyl, bicyclo 2.2.1!heptyl, 6,6-dimethylbicyclo 3.1.1!heptyl, bicyclo 3.2.1!octyl, and bicyclo 2.2.2!octyl.

"Aryl" means phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl or fluorenyl.

"Halogeno" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo atoms.

"Heterocycloalkyl" refers to 4- to 6-membered saturated rings comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N(R¹⁹)--, with the remaining ring members being carbon. Examples of heterocycloalkyl rings are tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperazinyl. R⁴ -heterocycloalkyl refers to such groups wherein substitutable ring carbon atoms have an R⁴ substituent.

"Heteroaryl" refers to 5- to 10-membered single or benzofused aromatic rings comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N═, provided that the rings do not include adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms. Examples of single-ring heteroaryl groups are pyridyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl and triazolyl. Examples of benzofused heteroaryl groups are indolyl, quinolinyl, thianaphthenyl and benzofurazanyl. N-oxides of nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups are also included. All positional isomers are contemplated, e.g., 1-pyridyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl. R⁴ -heteroaryl refers to such groups wherein substitutable ring carbon atoms have an R⁴ substituent.

Where R² and R³ or R⁶ and R⁷ substituents on a nitrogen atom form a ring and additional heteroatoms are present, the rings do not include adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms or three adjacent hetero-atoms. Typical rings so formed are morpholinyl, piperazinyl and piperidinyl.

In the structures in the definition of Z, the substituents L and L¹ may be present on any substitutable carbon atom, including in the second structure the carbon to which the --N(R²⁶)(R²⁷) group is attached.

In the above definitions, wherein variables R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁰ and R³¹, for example, are said to be independently selected from a group of substituents, we mean that R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently selected, but also that where an R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁰ or R³¹ variable occurs more than once in a molecule, those occurrences are independently selected (e.g., if B is ═NR⁶ -- wherein R⁶ is hydrogen, X can be --N(R⁶)-- wherein R⁶ is ethyl). Similarly, R⁴ and R⁵ can be independently selected from a group of substituents, and where more than one R⁴ and R⁵ are present, the substitutents are independently selected; those skilled in the art will recognize that the size and nature of the substituent(s) will affect the number of substituents which can be present.

Compounds of formula I can have at least one asymmetrical carbon atom and all isomers, including diastereomers, enantiomers and rotational isomers, as well as E and Z isomers of the oxime, hydrazone and olefin groups, are contemplated as being part of this invention. The invention includes d and I isomers in both pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Isomers can be prepared using conventional techniques, either by reacting optically pure or optically enriched starting materials or by separating isomers of a compound of formula I.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for some compounds of formula I, one isomer will show greater pharmacological activity than other isomers.

Compounds of the invention have at least one amino group which can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with organic and inorganic acids. Examples of suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those in the art. The salt is prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt. The free base form may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The free base form differs from its respective salt form somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the salt is otherwise equivalent to its respective free base forms for purposes of the invention.

Certain compounds of the invention are acidic (e.g., those compounds which possess a carboxyl group). These compounds form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with inorganic and organic bases. Examples of such salts are the sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silver salts. Also included are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines, N-methylglucamine and the like.

Compounds of formula I can be prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art. Following are typical procedures for preparing various compounds; the skilled artisan will recognize that other procedures may be applicable, and that the procedures may be suitably modified to prepare other compounds within the scope of formula I.

Procedure A:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, a and d are each 1, X is --O--, Q is R⁵ -phenyl, T is R⁴ -phenyl, A is ═NOR¹ and the remaining variables are as defined above (see formula , below), can be prepared as shown in the following reaction scheme: ##STR9##

In step 1, the 3-(substituted phenyl)-2-propenoic acid of formula I, wherein R⁵ is as defined above, is reacted with an oxidizing agent such as dimethyl dioxirane or m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in an inert organic solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂ or toluene. An acidic catalyst such as Amberlyst 15 or formic acid is added to give the desired lactone 2. Preferable reaction temperatures range from 0° to 60° C. ##STR10## In step 2, lactone 2 is reacted with a suitable hydroxy-protecting group, for example an electrophile such as a compound of formula R²⁰ --R¹⁷ wherein R¹⁷ is a leaving group such as Cl or Br and R²⁰ is of the formula ##STR11## wherein R⁴, R^(8a), R^(9a) and b are as defined above, or wherein R²⁰ is trialkylsilyl. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a silver salt such as Ag₂ O in an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or tetrahydrofuran (THF), most preferably DMF, at a temperature of 0° to about 500° C. ##STR12## In step 3, compound 3 is dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂, THF or toluene, preferably CH₂ Cl₂, and reduced with a reagent such as DiBAL-H at temperatures from about -78° C. to room temperature. ##STR13## In step 4, compound 4 is reacted with an amine of formula 5, wherein Z is as defined above, in an alcohol such as CH₃ OH, CH₃ CH₂ OH or more preferably CF₃ CH₂ OH, in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as molecular sieves and a reducing agent such as NaCNBH₃ or under hydrogenating conditions (H₂ /Pd/C), at a temperature range of 0 to 60° C. ##STR14## In Step 5, a compound of formula 6 is oxidized to the corresponding ketone of formula 7 using an oxidizing agent such as pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) or Jones reagent, preferably Jones reagent, in a suitable organic solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂ or toluene (for PCC) or acetone (for Jones reagent) at a temperature from about 0° to 50° C. Other suitable oxidizing agents include pyridinium dichromate (PDC), tetrapropylammonium perruthenate(VII)/4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (TPAP/NMO), and (COCI)₂ /DMSO. ##STR15##

In Step 6, the ketone of formula 7 is converted to the corresponding oxime of formula 8 by treatment with a hydroxylamine derivative of the formulaH₂ NOR¹ or a salt thereof, e.g., the HCl salt, wherein R¹ is as defined above, in a suitable organic solvent such as pyridine at a temperature of from about 25° to 100° C. Alternatively, a low molecular weight alcohol (e.g., CH₃ OH or CH₃ CH₂ OH) can be used as the solvent, in which case a base such as sodium acetate must be added. Alternatively, compounds of formula 8 wherein R¹ is not H can be prepared from compounds of formula 8 wherein R¹ is H by deprotonation with a suitable base, preferably NaH or Cs₂ CO₃, and subsequent treatment with a suitable electrophile such as an alkyl halide, acid chloride or isocyanate.

When R²⁰ in oxime 8 is a trialkyl silyl hydroxy-protecting group such as (CH₃)₃ Si--, (t--Bu)Si(CH₃)₂ --, (Et)Si(i-Pr)₂ -- or (i--Pr)₃ Si-- (wherein Et is ethyl, i--Pr is isopropyl and t--Bu is tertiary butyl)), preferably (t--Bu)Si(CH₃)₂ --, the oxime can be converted to the corresponding hydroxymethyl oxime of formula 8A, for example by treatment with fluoride ion, preferably TBAF: ##STR16## Oxime 8A can be alkylated, acylated or the hydroxyl group can be activated displaced by sulfur or nitrogen nucleophiles. Alkylations are effected using a base, such as NaH, K₂ CO₃ or Cs₂ CO₃, in a solvent such as DMF, THF or CH₂ Cl₂, with an alkylating agent such as an alkyl or benzyl halide or sulfonate. Acylations are effected using an appropriate carboxylic acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent, for example DEC in the presence of HOBT. Nitrogen and sulfur-containing groups can be introduced using Mitsunobu reaction conditions, for example DEAD and PPh₃ in a solvent such as THF with a thiol or amide nucleophile.

Corresponding compounds of formula I wherein A is a ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²) group are prepared by converting a compound of formula 7 to the corresponding alkene of formula 25 ##STR17## by treating the ketone of formula 7 with the Wittig reagent formed from Ph₃ PCHR¹¹ R¹² R¹⁷ ' (R¹⁷ '=Cl, Br, I) and a suitable base such as NaH, LDA, or R¹⁸ N(TMS)₂ (R¹⁸ =Li, Na, or K) preferably NaN(TMS)₂, in a suitable organic solvent such as THF or ether, preferably THF, at a temperature from -15° to 65° C. Other suitable reagents for this transformation include the phosphonates (EtO)₂ P(O)CHR¹¹ R¹².

Corresponding compounds of formula I wherein A is a ═N--N(R²)(R³) group are prepared by converting a compound of formula 7 to the corresponding hydrazone of formula 26 ##STR18## by treating the ketone of formula 7 with a substituted hydrazine of formula H₂ NNR² R³ in a suitable organic solvent such as CH₃ OH or CH₃ CH₂ OH, preferably CH₃ CH₂ OH, in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as acetic acid at a temperature in the range of 0° to 80° C.

Procedure B:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, a and d are each 1, X is --O-- or --S--, Q is R⁵ -phenyl, T is H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, R⁴ -alkyl, R⁴ -bicyclo or tricycloalkyl, and the remaining variables are as defined above (see compound 35, below), can be prepared according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR19##

In step 1, the ester (preferably methyl) of the substituted aryl acetic acid of formula 13, wherein R¹⁹ is a lower alkyl group, preferably methyl, is reacted with a compound of formula 14, wherein R¹⁷ ' is as defined above and Pg is a suitable protecting group such as tetrahydropyranyl, and a base to prepare a compound of formula 15. The base can be chosen from any strong base including LDA or lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. The reaction is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as THF at temperatures of -15° to about 65° C.

In step 2, a compound of formula 15 is reacted with an acid in a solvent such as CH₃ OH, at temperatures ranging from -10° to 65° C. The acid need not to be used in stochiometric amount. Alternatively, a compound of formula 16 can be prepared directly from step 1 without isolating the compound of formula 15: the reaction mixture obtained after the work up of the reaction described in step 1 can be dissolved in the solvent and reacted with the acid.

In step 3, a compound of formula 16 is reacted with an acid such hydrobromic acid (HBr) dissolved in a suitable solvent such as acetic acid. The reaction is performed at temperatures ranging from 5° to 45° C.

In step 4, the carboxylic acid of formula 17 is reacted with a halogenating agent such as SOCl₂ or (COCl)₂ in an appropriate solvent such CH₂ Cl₂ to form the acid halide of formula 29.

In step 5, the compound of formula 29 is reacted with an alkylating agent such as diazomethane to obtain the compound of formula 30. This reaction may be performed at temperatures lower than ambient using an appropriate solvent such as Et₂ O.

In step 6, a compound of formula 30 is reacted with a compound of formula 5 (defined above) to obtain a compound of formula 31. The reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent, e.g. EtOAc, at temperatures below 85° C. Bases such as Et₃ N may be beneficial to the reaction.

In step 7, a compound of formula 31 is reacted with a compound of formula 32, wherein X is --O-- or --S--, T is H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, R⁴ -alkyl, R⁴ -bicyclo or tricycloalkyl, and R^(8a), R^(9a), b and R⁴ is as defined above in an appropriate solvent, e.g. CH₂ Cl₂, with a Lewis acid, e.g. BF₃, at temperatures lower than 50° C.

In step 8 a compound of formula 33 is reacted with a compound of formula 34, wherein A is as defined above, in a solvent such as pyridine, to obtain the desired product of formula 35.

Procedure C:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, a and d are each 1, A is ═NOR¹, X is --O--, Q is R⁵ -phenyl, T is R¹⁵ -phenyl (R¹⁵ is a subset of R⁴), and the remaining variables are as defined above (see compound 46, below), can be prepared according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR20##

Steps 1 to 4 are preferably carried out in an inert solvent such as an ether (e.g. Et₂ O, THF, or dioxane) under an inert atmosphere (N₂ or Ar).

In step 1, the anion (Li, Na or K) of ethyl 1,3-dithiolane-2-carboxylate is added to the cinnamate 36 at any suitable temperature, preferably -78° C. to -55° C.

Step 2, deprotection of the carboxy group in 37 is carried out with any suitable reducing agent (e.g. LiAlH₄ or diisobutylaluminum hydride) at any suitable temperature, preferably between 0° C. and 25° C.

In step 3, the hydroxy group of 38 is reacted with t-butyidimethylsilyl chloride and a suitable base (e.g. pyridine, Et₃ N, dimethylaminopyridine, or diisopropylethylamine) at any suitable temperature, preferably between 0° C. and 25° C.

Step 4 is preferably carried out by first adding a suitable base (e.g. KH or (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NK) to the solvent containing 39 and subsequently adding the alkylating agent (e.g. a benzyl chloride or bromide) to obtain 40. Any suitable temperature can be used, preferably between -78° C. and 0° C. for the deprotonation and between 25° C. and 80° C. for the alkylation.

In step 5, removal of the silyl protecting group on 40 is preferably carried out with a fluoride source such as HF in CH₃ CN or tetrabutyl-ammonium fluoride in an inert solvent such as an ether as described above. This step can also be carried out with acid (e.g. HOAc, CF₃ CO₂ H, tosic acid, H₂ SO₄, or HCI) and water in an inert solvent such as an ether as described above, or in a chlorinated hydrocarbon (e.g. CH₂ Cl₂, 1,2-dichloroethane, or CHCl₃). Any suitable temperature can be used, preferably temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.

In step 6, oxidation of the dithiolanyl ring of 41 is preferably carried out with an oxidizing agent such as HgClO₄, AgNO₃, Ag₂ o, copper chloride with copper oxide, thallium nitrate, N-chlorosuccinimide, or N-bromosuccinimide in an inert solvent such as an ether (e.g. Et₂ O, THF, or dioxane), CH₃ COCH₃, or CH₃ CN. Any suitable temperature can be used with preferable temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C. Compounds 42 and 43 are present in equilibrium.

Preparation of the oxime of formula 44 in step 7 is preferably carried out on the mixture of 42 and 43 with a suitably substituted hydroxylamine (as its acid salt e.g. HCl or maleate, or as its free base) and a suitable base such as sodium acetate or pyridine in a protic solvent (e.g. water, CH₃ OH, CH₃ CH₂ OH, or isopropanol). Any suitable temperature can be used, with preferable temperatures between 25° C. and 100° C.

In step 8, preferably 44 is treated with a suitable oxidizing agent (e.g. pyridinium chlorochromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine, pyridinium dichromate, oxalyl chloride-dimethylsulfoxide, acetic anhydride-dimethylsulfoxide, or periodinane) in an inert solvent such as chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. CH₂ Cl₂, 1,2-dichloroethane, or CHCl₃) to obtain the ketone 45. Any suitable temperature can be used with preferable temperatures between -78° C. and 25° C.

Step 9 is preferably carried out with a suitably substituted amine (as its acid salt e.g. HCl or maleate or as its free base) and a hydride source such as NaBH₃ CN or sodium triacetoxyborohydride in a protic solvent (e.g. CH₃ OH, CH₃ CH₂ OH, or CF₃ CH₂ OH) with 3A sieves to obtain 46. Any suitable temperature can be used with preferable temperatures between 0° C. and 25° C.

Procedure D:

Compounds of formula I as defined above can be prepared as shown in the following reaction scheme: ##STR21##

In step 1, a compound of formula 47A. wherein Q is as defined above, is reacted with a base such as lithium disopropylamide (LDA) or KH in an inert organic solvent such at THF or DME to generate a dianion. An acid chloride, ester or amide of formula 46A, 46B, or 46C is added to give a ketone of formula 48. Preferable reaction temperatures ranges from -78° C. to 30° C.

Alternatively, compounds of formula 48 can be generated by the reaction of a compound of formula 46, preferably 46C, with a metallated species of formula QCH₂ Mt where Mt is a metal, such as MgHal, wherein "Hal" is halogen, or lithium. The metallated species QCH₂ Mt can be generated by conventional procedures, such as treatment compounds of formula QCH₂ Hal with Mg or by treating QCH₃ with an organolithium base. ##STR22##

In step 2, for compounds of formula I wherein R is not hydrogen, the ketone 48 is reacted with a suitable base, such as LDA or KH in an inert organic solvent such as THF. For compounds wherein R is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, a compound R--R¹⁷ ", wherein R¹⁷ " is leaving group such as Br, I or triflate is added. For compounds wherein R is OH, an appropriate oxidizing agent such as dimethyldioxirane or Davis reagent is added. Preferable reaction temperatures range from -78° to 50° C. ##STR23##

In step 3, ketone 49 is reacted with a base such as LDA in a solvent such as THF, then an olefin of formula 50 is added, wherein R¹⁷ " is as defined above, to give the adduct 51. Preferable reaction temperatures range from -78° C. to 60° C. ##STR24##

In step 4, ketone 51 is reacted with HA', wherein A' is NH--OR¹, NH-N(R²)(R³) or NHR26, in an organic solvent such as pyridine at a temperature from 25° C. to 150° C. to give a compound of formula 52. ##STR25##

In step 5, a compound of formula 52 is oxidized by ozonolysis to give an aldehyde of formula 53. Suitable organic solvents include EtOAc, ethanol or the like. Preferable reaction temperatures are from -78° to 0° ##STR26##

In step 6, an aidehyde of formula 53 is reacted with a compound of formula Z-H, wherein Z is as defined above, as described in Step 9 of Procedure C.

Alternatively, a compound of formula I can be prepared from 51 by the following reaction scheme: ##STR27##

Compound 51 is oxized to a compound of formula 54 under conditions similar to those described for step 5 above. The aldehyde of formula 54 is reacted with a compound of formula Z--H in a manner similar to that described in Step 6, and the resultant ketone is then reacted with a compound of the formula HA' as described above in Step 4 to obtain the compound of formula I.

Procedure E:

Compounds of formula I wherein X is --O-- or a bond and d is 1 or 2 can be prepared by the following reaction scheme, starting with ketone 49 from Procedure D. Alternatively, compounds of formula 49 can be prepared from compounds of formula 46D, wherein X is --O--, R^(6a) and R^(7a) are each H, and d is 1, which, in turn, are prepared according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR28## wherein compounds of formula 55, wherein R²¹ is alkoxy or --N(CH₃)OCH₃ and R¹⁷ ' is as defined above are reacted with alcohols of the formula HO--(C(R^(8a))(R^(9a)))_(b) --T in the presence of a suitable base such as Cs₂ CO₃ or KHMDS to give the desired ether 46D. ##STR29##

In step 1, compounds of formula 49 treated with an appropriate base, such as NaH, are reacted with alkylating agents of the formula R³³ C(O)CH₂ R¹⁷ or R³³ C(O)CH═CH₂ wherein R³³ is alkoxy or --N(CH₃)OCH₃ and R¹⁷ is as defined above. ##STR30##

In step 2, compounds of formula 56 can be converted to the corresponding oxime of formula 57 in a manner similar to that described in Procedure D, Step 4. ##STR31##

In step 3, compounds of formula 57 (or 56, i.e., wherein A' is O) are converted to the corresponding aldehyde 58 (or lactol from the keto-ester 56) by treatment with a suitable reducing agent such a DIBAL, in an suitable inert organic solvent such as THF, at a temperature from about -100° to -20° C. ##STR32##

In step 4, compound 58 is reacted with an amine ZH in a manner similar to that described in Procedure B, Step 9, to obtain the compound of formula I.

Alternatively, as shown in the following reaction scheme, compounds of the formula 59, wherein R is H, A' is ═O, X is --O-- and R³³ is alkoxy can be converted to the corresponding lactol of formula 60 by treatment with a suitable reducing agent such a DIBAL, in an suitable inert organic solvent such as THF, at a temperature from about --100°0 to --20° C.: ##STR33##

The lactol is then reacted with an amine ZH as described in Procedure A, Step 4, to give the amino alcohol 6.

Procedure F:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, d is 1, R^(6a) and R^(7a) are each H, X is a bond, --(C(R^(9a))(R^(8a)))_(b) -- is --CH(OH)(C(R^(8a))(R^(9a)))_(b1) --, wherein b1 is 0 or 1 and R^(8a) and R^(9a) are generally as defined above, but are preferably not R¹⁵ -phenyl or R¹⁵ -benzyl, and the remaining variables are as defined above, are prepared by the following procedure (In the scheme below, Z is exemplified by 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine, but other Z--H amines can also be used.): ##STR34##

In Step 1, the amine of formula63 is condensed with the acid of formula 64 using standard methods, for example a coupling agent such as DCC or EDCI in the presence of a base such as pyridine or Et₃ N (when necessary) is used in a solvent such as THF at temperatures from 0 to 50° C. preferably room temperature.

In Step 2, the alkene of formula 65 is converted to the nitro-substituted compound of formula 66 by refluxing the alkene in nitromethane in the presence of a base such as an alkoxide, a tert.-ammonium hydroxide or alkoxide, a trialkyl amine or a metal fluoride salt. The nitromethane can act as the solvent, or another solvent such as an alcohol, an ether, DMSO or DMF also can be used.

In Step 3, the nitro-oxobutyl compound of formula 66 is reacted with the olefin of formula 67 and C₆ H₅ NCO in the presence of a trace amount of a base such as Et₃ N, in an inert, non-hydroxylic solvent such as THF or CH₂ Cl₂ to obtain the isoxazolinyl compound of formula 68. Reaction temperatures range from 0 to 40° C., with room temperature preferred.

In Step 4, the keto group is reduced, for example by refluxing with a reagent such as borane-dimethylsulfide complex. In Step 5, the isoxazolinyl ring is opened by treatment with Raney Nickel under conditions well known in the art. In Step 6, the ketone is converted to the oxime as described in Procedure A, Step 6.

The hydroxy-substituted compounds prepared above can be oxidized to the corresponding ketones, for example by treatment with Jones reagent. The resultant ketones can be converted to the corresponding bis-oximes using the methods described in Procedure A, Step 6.

Procedure G:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, d is 0, X is --C(O)-- and the remaining variables are as defined above, are prepared by the following procedure (As above, other Z--H amines can also be used.): ##STR35##

In Step 1, a compound of formula 66 is reduced in a manner similar to Procedure F, Step 4. In Step 2, the resultant nitrobutyl compound of formula 71 is reacted with a carboxyl derivative of formula 72, wherein R³⁴ is a leaving group such a phenoxy, or an activating group such as p-nitro-phenyl, imidazolyl or halogeno, in the presence of a base such as potassium tert.-butoxide, in a solvent such as DMSO. Reaction temperatures range from 0° to 30° C.

In Step 3, the nitro group is converted to the oxime by treatment with CS₂ in the presence of a base such as Et₃ N in a solvent such as CH₃ CN. The oxime can be converted into other oximes of formula I, i.e., wherein A is ═N--OR¹ and R¹ is other than H, by the methods described in Procedure A, Step 6.

Similarly, compounds of formula I wherein d is 0, X is a bond, --(C(R^(9a))(R^(8a)))_(b) -- is --CH(OH)CH₂ -- and the remaining variables are as defined above, are prepared by reducing the keto group of compound 73 using well known techniques, for example by treatment with NaBH₄, followed by converting the nitro group to the oxime as described above.

Procedure H:

Compounds of formula I wherein R is H, d is 0, X is --NH--, A is ═NH, --(C(R^(9a))(R^(8a)))_(b) --T is --(CH₂)_(b2) --T--, wherein b2 is 1 or 2 and the remaining variables are as defined above, are prepared by the following procedure (As above, other Z--H amines can also be used.): ##STR36##

In Step 1, the nitrobutyl compound of formula 71 is reduced to the corresponding nitrile by treatment with CS₂ in the presence of a base such as Et₃ N in a solvent such as CH₃ CN at temperatures of 20° to 70° C.

In Step 2, the nitrile of formula 74 is reacted at elevated temperatures with an amine of formula NH₂ --(CH₂)_(b2) --T in the presence of a catalyst such as a trialkylaluminum, in a solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂ or toluene.

The following procedure can be used to prepare similar compounds wherein --(C(R^(9a))(R^(8a)))_(b) -- is --CH₂ (C(R^(9a))(R^(8a)))-- and A is ═NOR¹ : ##STR37##

In Step 1, a oximeamide of formula 75, prepared by treating a compound of formula 74 with hydroxylamine, is reacted with a carbonyl derivative of formula 72 in a solvent such as pyridine at a temperature of about 70° C. to obtain an oxadiazolyl compound of formula 76.

In Step 2, the oxadiazolyl ring is opened by treatment with a reducing agent such as LAH, in a solvent such as ether, at temperatures of 20° to 60° C. to obtain the desired compounds of formula I.

Preparation of Starting Materials:

Starting materials of formula 27 ##STR38## wherein X is --NR⁶ -- or --S-- and Z, R⁴, R⁵, R^(6a) and R^(7a) are as defined above can be prepared as shown in the following reaction scheme: ##STR39## In step 1, compound 1, wherein R⁵ is as defined above, is treated with a halogenating agent such as I₂ or N-bromosuccinimide in an organic solvent such as CH₃ CN, THF or DMF at a temperature in the range of 0 to 250° C. to give the halolactone 9. ##STR40## In step 2, compound 9 is dissolved in an alcohol R²² OH wherein R²² is a lower alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl. A base such as Cs₂ CO₃ or Na₂ CO₃ is added and the mixture stirred at a temperature range of 0° to 50° C. to give the epoxide 10.

Alternatively, a lower alkyl ester of 1 can be epoxidized by a suitable epoxidizing agent such as dimethyl dioxirane or m-CPBA to obtain a compound of formula 10. ##STR41## In step 3, a solution of epoxide 10 in an alcohol such as CH₃ OH, CH₃ CH₂ OH, or more preferably CF₃ CH₂ OH, is treated with a nucleophile of the formula ##STR42## wherein X is --NR⁶ -- or --S--, and R⁴ is as defined above, at 0° to 90° C. to give the lactone 11. Step 4: Using the reactions of Procedure A, steps 3 and 4, convert the lactone of formula 11 to the desired product of formula 27.

In a similar manner, starting materials of formula 28 ##STR43## wherein X is --NR⁶ -- and T, Z, R⁵, R^(6a) and R^(7a) are as defined above can be prepared as described above by treating an epoxide of formula 10 with an amine of formula HN(R⁶)--T and converting the resultant lactone to the compound of formula 28.

Also in a similar manner, an epoxide of formula 10 can be treated with a thiol of formula HS(C(R^(8a))(R^(9a)))_(b) --T to obtain the corresonding lactone, which can be converted to the desired compound using Procedure A, steps 3 and 4. Sulfides can be converted to the sulfoxides and sulfones by oxidation with suitable reagents such as m-CPBA or potassium peroxymonosulfate.

Diol starting materials of formula 21 ##STR44## wherein Z and R⁵ are as defined above, can be prepared as shown in the following reaction scheme: ##STR45## In step 1, compound 1 is dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂ or toluene, preferably CH₂ Cl₂, and treated with a reagent such as (COCl)₂, SOCl₂ or PCl₃, most preferably (COCl)₂, in the presence of a catalytic amount of DMF and at temperatures from 0° to 75° C. to give compound 18. ##STR46## In step 2, compound 18 is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and treated with an amine of formula 5 as defined above, to give the compound 19. Alternatively, compound 18 is dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as CH₂ Cl₂ or toluene, preferably CH₂ Cl₂, the mixture is cooled to 0° C. and a tertiary amine base such as Et₃ N or (CH₃)₃ N is added, followed by an amine 5.; the reaction is allowed to warm to room temperature to give the product 19. Other coupling methods known to those skilled in the art, such as EDC coupling, may also be employed. ##STR47## In step 3, the amide 19 is converted to the corresponding amine by standard reduction procedures, for example, it is taken up in an inert organic solvent and treated with a reducing agent at 0° to 80° C. to give the amine 20. Suitable solvents include ether, THF, CH₂ Cl₂ and toluene, preferably THF. Reducing agents include LAH, BH₃ ·Me₂ S and DiBAL-H, preferably LAH. ##STR48## In step 4, the amine 20 is converted to the diol 21 by standard dihydroxylation procedures, for example, it is dissolved in a mixture of acetone and water at room temperature and treated with NMO and OsO₄.

Intermediate furanones for use in Procedure A, for example those of formula 62, can be prepared as follows: ##STR49## A furanone of formula 61 undergoes conjugate addition with a variety of nucleophiles, e.g., thiolates, azides and aryl anions to obtain compounds of formula 62. For example, compounds of formula 62 wherein Q is phenyl is prepared by treating 61 with phenyllithium in the presence of CuCN and (CH₃)₃ SiCl.

In the above procedures, T and Q generally are exemplified as R⁵ -phenyl and R⁴ -phenyl, respectively, but those skilled in the art will recognize that in many cases, similar procedures can be used to prepare compounds wherein T and Q are other than substituted-phenyl.

Reactive groups not involved in the above processes can be protected during the reactions with conventional protecting groups which can be removed by standard procedures after the reaction. The following Table 1 shows some typical protecting groups:

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Group                                                                          to be                                                                          Protected                                                                             Group to be Protected and Protecting Group                              ______________________________________                                         COOH   COOalkyl, COObenzyl, COOphenyl                                           ##STR50##                                                                             ##STR51##                                                                      ##STR52##                                                                      ##STR53##                                                              NH.sub.2                                                                               ##STR54##                                                              OH                                                                                     ##STR55##                                                                     or OCH.sub.2 phenyl                                                     ______________________________________                                    

Compounds of formula I have been found to be antagonists of NK₁ and/or NK₂ and/or NK₃ receptors, and are therefore useful in treating conditions caused or aggravated by the activity of said receptors.

The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Compounds of this invention can be administered in conventional oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, powders, cachets, suspensions or solutions, or in injectable dosage forms such as solutions, suspensions, or powders for reconstitution The pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared with conventional excipients and additives, using well known pharmaceutical formulation techniques. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and additives include non-toxic and chemically compatibile fillers, binders, disintegrants, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, flavorings, thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers and the like.

The daily dose of a compound of formula I for treating asthma, cough, bronchspasm, inflammatory diseases, migraine, nociception and gastrointestinal disorders is about 0.1 mg to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably about 0.5 to about 15 mg/kg. For an average body weight of 70 kg, the dosage range is therefore from about 1 to about 1500 mg of drug per day, preferably about 50 to about 200 mg, more preferably about 50 to about 500 mg/kg per day, given in a single dose or 2-4 divided doses. The exact dose, however, is determined by the attending clinician and is dependent on the potency of the compound administered, the age, weight, condition and response of the patient.

Following are examples of preparing starting materials and compounds of formula I. As used herein, Me is methyl, Bu is butyl, Br is bromo, Ac is acetyl, Et is ethyl and Ph is phenyl.

PREPARATION 1 α- (3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!methyl!-β-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl 1-piperidinebutanol ##STR56## Step 1: Cool a solution of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-propeneoic acid (100 g, 461 mmol) in dry DMF (500 mL) to 0° C. and treat with Cs₂ CO₃ (100 g, 307 mmol, 0.66 eq). Stir the resulting off-white slurry for 15 min, then add CH₃ l (33 mL, 530 mmol, 1.15 eq) via syringe. After 1 h, add additional DMF (250 mL), stir the slurry for 14 h and partition between EtOAc (1.5 L) and half saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL). Separate the organic layer and extract the aqueous layer twice with EtOAc (1 L, 500 mL). Wash the combined organic layers with half saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL) and water (5×500 mL), then dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to obtain 105.4 g (456 mmol, 99%) of methyl 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-propenoate as light brown needles.

Step 2: Treat a solution of the product of Step 1 (15 g, 65 mmol) in dry THF (250 mL), kept cool in a large ambient temperature water bath, with Dibal-H (140 mL, 140 mmol, 2.15 eq) over 30 min. Stir the resulting solution for 30 min at 23° C., pour into Et₂ O (500 mL), treat with water (5 mL), 15% NaOH (5 mL) and water (15 mL). Stir for 5 min, dilute the mixture with Et₂ O (200 mL) and treat with 15% NaOH (15 mL). Add MgSO₄ to cause a colorless precipitate. Remove the aluminum salts by filtration through a course glass frit. Wash the solids with Et₂ O (1 L) and concentrate the filtrate in vacuo to give 13.2 g (65 mmol, 99%) of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-propene-1-ol as an off-white solid.

Step 3: Treat a solution of the product of step 2 (13.2 g, 65 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (250 mL) at 0° C. with pyridine (7.89 mL, 97.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and dimethylaminopyridine (397 mg, 3.25 0.05 eq), followed by CH₃ COCl (6.48 mL, 74.75 mmol, 1.15 eq). Allow the mixture to warm to 23° C., pour into 1M HCl (100 mL) and wash the resulting organic layer again with 1 M HCl (100 mL), followed by water (5×100 mL; pH═6.5-7). Dry the organic layer (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to obtain 15.4 g (62.9 mmol, 97%) of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-propene-1-ol acetate as a colorless oil.

Step 4: Treat a solution of the product of step 3 (15 g, 61 mmol, dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene, 1×50 mL) in dry THF (250 mL) at -78° C. with chlorotriethylsilane (20.2 mL, 120 mmol, 2.0 eq) rapidly followed by the addition of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (183 mL, 91.5 mmol, 1.5 eq of 0.5M in toluene) via addition funnel over 50 min. Allow the mixture to warm to 23° C. and heat to reflux for 3 h. Gradually cool the solution overnight, then quench with saturated NH₄ Cl (150 mL). Stir the resultant mixture vigorously for 3h, treat with 1M HCl (150 mL) and then extract with Et₂ O (500 mL). Extract the aqueous layer with Et₂ O (400 mL), wash the combined organic layers with 5% NaOH (300 mL) and extract with 5% NaOH (8×150 mL). Cool the combined aqueous layers to 5° C. and, maintaining the temperature at 5°-10° C., acidify with conc. HCl (ca 175 mL) to pH 1. Extract the aqueous layer with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×800 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to give 13.4 g (54.5 mmol, 89%) of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pentenoic acid as a faint yellow oil.

Step 5: Treat a solution of the product of step 4 (5.0 g, 20.4 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) with purified m-CPBA (7 g, 40 mmol, 2 eq) wash 13 g of commercial 55% mCPBA in 250 mL of benzene with pH 7.4 buffer (5×30 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to obtain about 9 g of pure m-CPBA!. Stir for 48 h, add Amberlyst 15 (1.2 g) and stir the mixture for 8 h. Remove the Amberlyst by filtration through a medium porosity glass frit, rinsing with EtOAc. Wash the filtrate with saturated Na₂ SO₃ :NaHCO₃ (1:1) (100 mL). Dry the resulting organic layer and concentrate in vacuo. Take up the crude resulting product in hexahe:CH₂ Cl₂ (1:1) and filter to give 3.3 g (12.6 mmol, 62%) of a mixture of isomers (3:2, trans/cis) of 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl) 2(3H)-furanone as a colorless soft solid. Concentrate the filtrate to give 2.0 g of a viscous oil. Purify the oil by silica gel chromatography (column: 7×15 cm; solvent: hexane:EtOAc, 5:4 gradient to 1:1) to give 1.07 g (4.1 mmol, 20%) of the pure cis isomer as an oil to give a total yield of 4.3 g (16.47 mmol, 81%).

Step 6: Treat a solution of the product of step 5 (3.3 g, 12.6 mmol, 3:2 ratio of stereoisomers by NMR) in dry DMF(10 mL) with 3,5-bistrifluoro-methylbenzyl bromide (5.9 mL, 32.2 mmol, 2.5 eq) followed by Ag₂ O (5.8 g, 25.3 mmol, 2 eq), wrap the vessel in foil and stir for 2.5 days. Apply the resultant crude material to a pad of silica gel (10 cm×4 cm) packed with hexane:EtOAc (1:1). Wash the pad with the same solvent until no further product is eluted as shown by TLC and concentrate the resulting filtrate in vacuo to give the crude product as a solid (10 g). Dissolve the resultant residue in hexane:EtOAc (4:1) and purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 7.5×19; solvent: hexane:EtOAc (4:1)) to give 3.33 g (6.8 mmol, 54%) of (trans)- (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!methyl!-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone and 1.08 g (2.2 mmol, 17%) of the corresponding cis isomer for a total yield of 71%. Trans isomer: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₀ H₁₅ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 487.0302, found 487.0312.Cis isomer: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₀ H₁₅ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 487.0302, found 487.0297.

Step 7: Cool a solution of the cis isomer of the product of step 6 (2.1 g, 4.31 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (50 mL) to -78° C. and treat with Dibal-H (5.1 mL, 5.1 mmol, 1.2 eq; 1M in CH₂ Cl₂). Stir for 2 h at -78° C., then treat the solution with NaF (905 mg, 22 mmol, 5 eq) and water (400 μL, 22 mmol, 5 eq). Allow the suspension to warm to 23° C. and stir for 45 min. Dilute the mixture with Et₂ O (50 mL) and filter through a pad of silica gel (6.5 cm×2 cm; 150 mL vacuum glass frit) packed with hexane:EtOAc (1:1). Wash the pad with hexane:EtOAc (1:1) until no further product is evident by TLC (ca. 600 mL). Concentrate the filtrate to give 1.92 g (3.86 mmol, 91%) of (cis)- (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!methyl!-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanol as a foam which is used without further purification.

Step 8: Treat a solution of the product of step 7 (1.92 g, 3.86 mmol) in 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol (10 mL) with powdered 3Å MS (3.5 g) followed by 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine. Stir the resulting suspension under N₂ for 1 h at 23° C., then add NaCNBH₃ (533 mg, 8.6 mmol, 2 eq) and stir for 20 h. Filter the resultant mixture through a pad of silica gel (9.5 cm×2.5 cm, 600 mL, vacuum glass frit) packed and eluted with EtOAc:triethylamine (9:1) (ca. 500 mL) until no further product is apparent by TLC. Remove the solvent to obtain 2.77 g (>90%) of the title compound as a colorless foam. HRMS (FAB, M+Na⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₂ NO₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 650.1663, found 650.1647.

Preparation 2 ##STR57##

Using the trans isomer of Preparation 1, step 6, carry out the procedure of Preparation 1, steps 7-8 to obtain the title compound. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₂ NO₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 650.1663, found 25 650.1654.

Preparation 3 ##STR58## Steps 1-2: Treat a solution of the product of Preparation 1, step 4 (1.6 g, 6.5 mmol) in dry benzene (15 mL) at 5° C. with ClCOCOCl (680 μL, 7.8 mmol, 1.2 eq) followed by DMF (10 μL). Stir the resulting solution for 3 h at 23° C., concentrate in vacuo, azeotrope with benzene (1×15 mL), dissolve in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) and cool to 0° C. Treat a solution of 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl piperidine (2.3 g, 13 mmol, 2 eq) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) with pyridine (1.57 mL, 19.5 mmol, 3 eq) and cool to 0° C. Add the acid chloride via cannula over a period of 20 min. Stir the resulting solution for 15 min, warm to 23° C., dilute with CH₂ Cl₂ (150 mL) and wash consecutively with 10% aqueous citric acid (2×50 mL), water (1×50 mL) and aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (1×50 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude product by silica gel chromatography (column: 7×14 cm; eluant: hexane/EtOAc (1:1) (1 L) gradient to hexane/EtOAc (3:5) (2 L)) to provide 1.995 g (494 mmol, 76%) of the desired amide as a colorless solid.

Step 3: Treat a solution of the amide from step 2 (4.1 1g, 10.2 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) with LiAlH₄ (20.4 mL of 1M solution in ether, 20.4 mmol, 2 eq). Stir for 30 min at 23° C., then pour the mixture into Et₂ O (300 mL) and treat with water (750 μL), then 15% NaOH (750 μL) followed by water (3 mL). Remove the resulting aluminum salts by filtration through a glass frit, concentrate the filtrate, dissolve in hexane/EtOAc/triethyl amine (49:49:2) and filter through a plug of silica gel (10×4 cm), eluting with 800 mL of solvent. Concentrate the filtrate to give 3.38 g (8.67 mmol, 85%) of the desired amine as a yellow oil.

Step 4: Treat a solution of the product of step 3 (3.0 g, 7.69 mmol) in acetone/water (15 mL /30 mL) with NMO (1.35 g, 11.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) followed by OSO₄ (3.9 mL of 2.5% w/w solution in t-butanol, 0.38 mmol, 0.05 eq). After stirring for 17 h, treat the mixture with saturated aqueous Na₂ SO₃ (100 mL) and stir for 1 h. Concentrate the mixture in vacuo, extract the resulting aqueous solution with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×100 mL), dry the resulting organic layer (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude product by silica gel chromatography (7×20 cm; eluant: gradient: CH₂ Cl_(2/) CH₃ OH/triethylamine (180:5:150) to (140:5:50) to (100:5:150) to (10:1:1) to obtain 932 mg (2.19 mmol, 29%) of the trans diol as light amber oil and 1.455 g (3.4 mmol, 45%) if the cis diol as a colored oil. Pool mixed fractions to obtain an additional 221 mg of product as a mixture of isomers, giving a total yield of 6.11 mmol, 80%.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₂ H₂₈ Cl₂ NO₃ !⁺ : 424.1446, found 424.1435.

Preparation 4 1 (3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-2-pentanone ##STR59##

Treat a solution of the product of Preparation 1 (2.0 g, 3.08 mmol) in acetone (90 mL, 0° C.) with Jones reagent (9 mL of H₂ CrO₄ in H₂ SO₄ (ca. 8M)). Stir the light orange suspension at 0° C. for 1 h, then partition between CH₂ Cl₂ (150 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (150 mL). Extract the aqueous layer with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×150 mL), back extract the combined organic layers with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (150 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to give 1.94 g crude product. Purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 4 cm×15 cm; eluant: EtOAc:hexane: triethylamine (66:33:2)) to obtain 1.64 g (2.53 mmol, 82%) of the title compound as a colorless foam.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₀ NO₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 648.1507, found 648.1496.

Preparation 5 β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-α- (methylphenylamino)methyl !-4-phenyl-1-piperidinebutanol ##STR60##

Step 1: Cool a solution of the product of Preparation 1, step 4 (6.4 g, 26 mmol) in dry CH₃ CN to 0° C. and treat with I₂ (19.8 g, 78 mmol, 3 eq). Store the solution at 0° C. for 100 h, then pour into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (250 mL)/saturated aqueous Na₂ SO₃ (100 mL)/Et₂ O (400 mL). Extract the aqueous layer with Et₂ O (200 mL) and wash the combined Et₂ O layers with a mixture of saturated aqueous Na₂ SO₃ (25 mL) and brine (100 mL). Dry the organic layer over MgSO₄ and concentrate to give a light yellow solid. Purify the crude material by recrystallization (hot isopropanol, 2×) to obtain 7.42 g (19.9 mmol, 77%) of 4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-dihydro-5-(iodomethyl)-2(3H)-furanone as an off-white solid.

Step 2: Treat a solution of the product of step 1 (1.5 g, 4.02 mmol) in dry CH₃ OH (15 mL) under N₂ with Cs₂ CO₃ (1.57 g, 4.8 mmol, 1.2 eq). Stir for 30 min, then pour the suspension into Et₂ O (200 mL)/water (100 mL). Extract the aqueous layer with Et₂ O (100 mL), wash the combined ether layers with 40 mL of saturated NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), and concentrate to give 1.11 g (4.02 mmol,>99%) of methyl β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-oxiranepropanoate as a colorless oil.

Step 3: Treat a solution of the product of step 2 (368 mg, 1.34 mmol) in 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol (1 mL) with N-methyl aniline (217 μL, 2.01 mmol, 1.5 eq) and stir for 6 h at 23° C. followed by 6 h at 80° C. Cool to 23° C., concentrate in vacuo and purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 3.5×12 cm; eluant: hexane:EtOAc (4:1)) to provide 446 mg (1.3 mmol, 97%) of 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-dihydro-5- (methylphenylamino)methyl!-2(3H)-furanone as a white solid.

Step 4: Cool a solution of the product of step 3 (435 mg, 1.24 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (10 mL) to -78° C. and treat with Dibal-H (1.56 mL, 1M in CH₂ Cl₂). Stir the solution for 2 h, then add NaF (273 mg, 6.5 mmol, 5 eq) and water (117 μL, 6.5 mmol, 5 eq). Dilute the mixture with Et₂ O (100 mL) and warm to 23° C. Treat the mixture with MgSO₄, stir for 10 min, filter through a sintered glass frit and concentrate. Take up the residue in hexane:EtOAc (1:1) and filter through a pad of silica gel (7×2 cm) with about 150 mL of hexane:EtOAc (1:1). Concentrate the filtrate to obtain 415 mg (1.17 mmol, 95%) of the desired lactol as a colorless film.

Step 5: Treat a solution of the product of step 4 (415 mg, 1.17 mmol) in 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol with 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl piperidine (450 mg, 2.54 mmol, 2 eq) and 3Å MS (1 g). Stir for 2h, treat the mixture with NaCNBH₃ (157 mg, 2.54 mmol, 2 eq) and stir the resulting suspension vigorously for 16 h. Evaporate the solvent in vacuo, take up the crude in EtOAc, apply to a silica gel column (3.5×12 cm) packed with hexane:EtOAc:triethylamine (66:33:2) and elute with gradient elution: EtOAc:triethyl amine (98:2) to EtOAc:CH₃ OH:triethylamine (80:20:2), to obtain 569 mg (1.1 1 mmol, 95%) of the title compound as a colorless foam.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₉ H₃₅ N₂ O₂ Cl₂ !⁺ : 513.2076, found 513.2063.

Compounds of Preparations 5A to 5C are prepared in a similar manner, using the appropriate amines in step

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR61##                                                                                                    HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,  HRMS                                     Prep.                                                                               T              Amine      M + H.sup.+)                                                                          Found                                    ______________________________________                                         5A                                                                                   ##STR62##     N-methyl- (3,5-bistri- fluoromethyl- phenyl) benzyl                            amine      633.1980                                                                              633.1995                                 5B                                                                                   ##STR63##     N-methyl benzyl amine                                                                     527.2232                                                                              527.2246                                 5C                                                                                   ##STR64##     N-methyl-(3- isopropoxy) benzyl amine                                                     585.2651                                                                              585.2644                                 ______________________________________                                    

Preparation 6 Substituted Piperidines--Method A ##STR65##

Dissolve 4-aminomethyl-piperidine (30.00 g, 0.263 mol) in CH₃ OH (500 mL), cool to -30° C. under N₂, add di-t-butyl dicarbonate (38.23 g, 0.175 mol) in CH₃ OH (100 mL) dropwise, warm slowly to 23° C. and stir for 16 h. Concentrate, add CH₂ Cl₂ (700 mL), wash with saturated aqueous NaCl (2×200 mL), dry organic solution (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate to give 36.80 g of a 86:14 mixture of the title compound and 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl 4- (1,1-dimethylethyloxycarbonyl)methyl!-1-piperidinecarboxylate. ##STR66##

Dissolve the product (19.64 g, 0.0916 mol, 22.84 g of the mixture) of Step 1 in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (350 mL) and cool to 0° C. under N₂. Add pyridine (10.87 g, 11.1 mL, 0.137 mol) then chlorovaleryl chloride (15.63 g, 13.0 mL, 0.101 mol), warm slowly to 23° C. and stir for 16 h. Add saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl (300 mL), separate layers and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×250 mL). Dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (1000 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 1:1 EtOAc:hexane, then EtOAc). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 25.36 g (0.0762 mol. 84%) as a colorless oil.

MS (Cl/CH₄): m/e 333 (M+1) ##STR67##

Treat the product of Step 1 in a procedure similar to that described for Step. 2A, using chlorobutryl chloride. MS (FAB): m/e 319 (M+1) ##STR68##

Wash NaH (3.84 g, 0.160 mol, 6.40 g of 60 wt %) with hexane (25 mL), suspend in dry THF (150 mL) and cool to 0° C. under N₂. Add the product (25.35 g, 0.0762 mol) of Step. 2A in dry THF (150 mL) dropwise. Stir at 23° C. for 30 mins, reflux for 6 h, and stir at 23° C. for 16 h. Cool to 0° C. and add water (150 mL) and 1N HCl (150 mL). Concentrate and extract with EtOAc (3×200 mL). Wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (600 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 5% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 21.62 g (0.0729 mol, 96%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS (FAB): m/e 297 (M+1) ##STR69##

Treat the product of Step 2B in a procedure similar to that described for Prep. 6A. MS (FAB): m/e 283 (M+1). ##STR70##

Combine the product (1.50 g, 5.06 mmol) of Prep. 6A and Lawesson reagent (1.13 g, 2.78 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) under N₂. Stir at 23° C. for 20 h. Concentrate and purify by chromatography (200 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 1:3 EtOAc:hexane, 1:2 EtOAc:hexane, then 1:1 EtOAc:hexane). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 1.30 g (4.16 mmol, 82%) as a green oil. MS (FAB): m/e 313 (M+1). ##STR71##

Dissolve the product (2.50 g, 8.43 mmol) of Prep. 6A in dry THF (30 mL), add borane-DMS (16.9 mL of 2.0M in THF, 33.74 mmol) and reflux for 20 h. Cool to 0° C. and add CH₃ OH (20 mL). Concentrate, add EtOH (50 mL) and K₂ CO₃ (4.66 g, 33.74 mmol). Reflux for 4 h and cool to 23° C. Add water (100 mL), concentrate and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (4×50 mL). Dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (200 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 7% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 1.72 g (6.09 mmol, 72%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (FAB): m/e 283 (M+1). ##STR72##

Dissolve the product (1.50 g, 5.06 mmol) of Prep. 6A in dry THF (20 mL) and cool to -78° C. under N₂. Add (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (5.5 mL of 1.0M in THF, 5.5 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 1 h. Add bromomethylcyclopropane (0.820 g, 0.59 mL, 6.07 mmol), warm slowly to 23° C. and stir for 16 h. Add saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl (40 mL), extract with EtOAc (3×30 mL), wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (175 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 2% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂ then 4% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 0.93 g (2.65 mmol, 53%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (FAB): m/e 351 (M+1) ##STR73##

Treat the product of Prep. 6A in a procedure similar to that described for Prep. 6G, using allyl bromide. MS (Cl/CH₄): m/e 337 (M+1). Step 3: Separately dissolve the products of Prep. 6A to 6H in CH₂ Cl₂, add trifluoroacetic acid and stir at 23° C. for 4 h. Concentrate, add 1N NaOH, extract with CH₂ Cl₂, dry the combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate to obtain the corresponding substituted piperidines:

    __________________________________________________________________________     Prep.                                                                             Substituted Piperidine                                                                              Data                                                   __________________________________________________________________________     6-1                                                                                ##STR74##           MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 197 (M + 1)                      6-2                                                                                ##STR75##           MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 183 (M + 1)                      6-3                                                                                ##STR76##           MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 213 (M + 1)                      6-4                                                                                ##STR77##           MS (Cl/isobutane: m/e 183 (M + 1)                      6-5                                                                                ##STR78##           MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 251 (M + 1)                      6-6                                                                                ##STR79##           MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 237 (M + 1)                      __________________________________________________________________________

Preparation 7 Substituted Piperidines--Method B ##STR80##

Combine 1-benzyl-4-piperidone (2.00 g, 10.6 mmol) and 3-pyrrolinol (0.92 g, 10.6 mmol) in titanium isopropoxide (3.75 g, 3.9 mL, 13.2 mmol) and dry CH₂ Cl₂ (4 mL). Stir at 23° C. under N₂ for 5 h. Add EtOH (30 mL) and NaCNBH3 (0.66 g, 10.6 mmol) and stir for 16 h. Add water (50 mL) and CH₂ Cl₂ (50 mL), filter through celite, separate filtrate layers and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×50 mL). Wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, dry (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (150 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 10% CH₃ OH with NH₃ --CH₂ Cl₂, 15% CH₃ OH with NH₃ --CH₂ Cl₂, then 20% CH₃ OH with NH₃ --CH₂ Cl₂.) Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 1.88 g (7.22 mmol, 68%) as a colorless oil.

MS (Cl/CH₄): m/e 261 (M+1).

Using the procedure of Prep. 7A and the appropriate amine, prepare Preps. 7B and 7C: ##STR81##

Step 2: Separately treat each of Preps. 7A, 7B and 7C with Pd/C catalyst in CH₃ OH and formic acid at 23° C. under N₂ for 16 h. Filter each mixture through celite, washing with CH₃ OH, concentrate the filtrates, add 1.0N NaOH and extract with 1:4 EtOH:CH₂ Cl₂, dry, filter and concentrate to obtain Preps. 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3:

    ______________________________________                                         Prep. Substituted Piperidine                                                                               Data                                               ______________________________________                                         7-1                                                                                   ##STR82##            MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 171 (M + 1) m.p.                                         138-140° C.                                 7-2                                                                                   ##STR83##            MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 212 (M + 1)                  7-3                                                                                   ##STR84##            MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 181 (M                       ______________________________________                                                                     + 1)                                          

Preparation 8 Substituted Piperidines--Method C

Step 1: Using 1,1 -dimethyethyl 4-formyl-piperidinecarboxylate and the appropriate amine in a reductive amination procedure similar to that described in Example 42, Step 9, Preparations 8A, 8B and 8C are prepared: ##STR85##

Step 2: Using the procedure described in Preparation 6, Step 3, prepare the following compounds:

    ______________________________________                                         Prep.                                                                               Substituted Piperidine  Data                                              ______________________________________                                         8-1                                                                                  ##STR86##              MS (FAB): m/e 213 (M + 1)                         8-2                                                                                  ##STR87##              MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 213 (M + 1)                 8-3                                                                                  ##STR88##              MS (Cl/CH.sub.4): m/e 199 (M                      ______________________________________                                                                      + 1)                                         

Preparation 9 Substituted Heptan- and Hexanaldehydes ##STR89##

Treat a suspension of 4 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!butyric acid (5.15 g, 17.55 mmol) in dry Et₂ O (50 ml) with SOCl₂ (2.6 ml, 2 equiv.) and add 3 drops of pyridine. Stir for 15 h at ambient temperature, then decant the solution from pyridine hydrochloride and evaporate in vacuo to obtain the acid chloride (5.4 g, 99%) as an oil.

Cool a 1M solution of (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (50 ml, 8.3 g, 49.63 mmol) in THF to -30° C. and add a solution of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid (4.09 g, 19.8 mmol) in dry THF (20 ml) dropwise, maintaining the temperature at or below -14° C. Stir at 0°-5° C. for 1 h. Cool the reaction mixture to -78° C. and add a solution of 4- 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!butyryl chloride (5.41 g, 15 16.97 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml) dropwise over 15 min. Stir at 0° C. for 1 h, then allow to warm up to room temperature and stir for 1 h. Pour on 50 ml of 1N HCl and ice, stir 30 min and extract the aqueous layer with EtOAc. Wash with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (200 ml), dry (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 7.5 g of crude product. Purify by flash chromatography over 180 g silica gel (particle size 32-63) and elute with hexane: CH₂ Cl₂ (70:30) to obtain 3.86 9 (8.71 mmol, 51%) of the title crystalline compound. ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz)δ:7.72(s, 1 H Ar),7.60(s, 2H Ar), 7.41 (d, J=8.3, 1 H Ar), 7.29(s, 1H Ar), 7.02(m, 1H Ar), 3.66(s, 2H, CH₂),2.72(t, 2H, CH₂, J=7), 2.54(t, 2H, CH₂, J=7), 1.94(m, 2H, CH₂). IR (CH₂ Cl₂): 1720 cm⁻¹ (C=O).

Using a similar procedure with the appropriate acid, prepare the following compounds: ##STR90## Yield 66%. ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃, 200 MHz)δ: 7.72(s, 1H Ar), 7.60(s, 2H Ar), 7.38(d, 1H Ar, J=8), 7.26(1H Ar), 6.98(m, 1H Ar), 3.65(s,2H, CH₂), 3.02(t, 2H, CH₂, J=6.4), 2.86(t, 2H, CH₂ (t, 2H, CH₂, J=6.4)).

IR (CH₂ Cl₂):1720 cm⁻¹ (C=O). ##STR91##

Yield 60%. FAB-Ms: m/z 383 ( Cl₉ H₂₀ ³⁵ Cl₂ O₄ +H!+, 47%). ##STR92##

Step 2

Add a solution of the product of Step 1 (3.80 g. 8.57 mmol) in dry THF (20ml) to a stirred solution of (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (9.35 ml, 9.3 mmol) in THF at -78° C. Add a solution of 2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide (1.18 g, 8.58 mmol) in THF (10 ml) dropwise over 10 min, add 1.2 g of Kl, allow the reaction mixture to warm to room temperature over a period of 1 h and stir overnight. Add 10 ml of saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Partition the residue between CH₂ Cl₂ (150 ml) and H₂ O (150 ml). Wash the organic layer with aqueous NaHCO₃ (150 ml), dry (MgSO₄), filter and evaporate in vacuo to obtain 3.6 g (77%) of the oily product.

FAB-Ms: m/z 544 ( C₂₃ H₂₁ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ NO₃ +H!⁺, 61%).

Using the procedure of Step 2, treat compounds 9-1A and 9-B of Step 1 to obtain: ##STR93##

Treat a solution of the product of Step 2 (3.5 g, 6.43 mmol) in dry pyridine (10 ml) with 0-methoxylamine HCl (0.65 g, 7.78 mmol) and heat to 60° C. for 1 h. Remove the pyridine in vacuo, partition the residue between CH₂ Cl₂ and water. Dry over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate in vacuo to obtain the mixture of E- and Z-oximes. Separate E-oxime and Z-oxime by flash chromatography using 120 g of SiO₂ (particle size 32-63) and eluant: EtOAc:hexane (20:80) to obtain 2.91 g (79%) of E-isomer and 0.47 g (12.8%) of Z-isomer.

9-3(E): FAB-Ms (E-isomer): m/z 573 ( C₂₄ H₂₄ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₃ +H!⁺, 27%).

¹ H NMR- E-isomer (CDCl₃, 300 MHz)δ4.08 (H-γ).

9-3(Z): FAB-Ms (Z-isomer): m/z 573 ( C₂₄ H₂₄ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₃ +H!⁺, 70%).

¹ H NMR- Z-isomer (CDCl₃, 300 MHz)δ4.69 (H-γ).

Using the procedure of Step 3, treat compounds 9-3A and 9-3B to obtain the following: ##STR94## Yield: 73% of E-isomer (m.p. 62°-64° C.) and 18% of Z-isomer.

9-3A(E): Ms-Cl+CH₄ (E-isomer): m/z 559 ( C₂₃ H₂₂ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₃ +H!⁺, 100%). ¹ H NMR- E-isomer (CDCl₃, 300 MHz)δ4.11 (H-γ).

9-3A(Z): Ms-Cl+/CH₄ (Z-isomer): m/z 559 ( C₂₃ H₂₂ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₃ +H!⁺, 100%). ¹ H NMR-Z-isomer (CDCl₃, 300 MHz)δ4.71 (H-γ). ##STR95## Yield: 61% of E-isomer (m.p. 114°-118° C.) and 23% of oily Z-isomer.

9-3B(E): FAB-Ms (E-isomer): m/z 513 ( C₂₄ H₃₀ ³⁵ Cl₂ N₂ O₆ +H!⁺, 42%).

¹ H NMR- E-isomer (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) 8 4.10 (H-γ).

9-3B(Z): FAB- Ms (Z-isomer): m/z 513 ( C₂₄ H₃₀ ³⁵ CL₂ N₂ O₆ +H!⁺, 60%). ##STR96##

To a solution of the E-isomer of Step 3 (9-3(E)) (1.43 g, 2.54 mmol) in THF (20 ml) at -78° C., add 6 ml of 1M Dibal-H in hexane (6 mmol) over a period of 5 min. Stir at -78° C. for 30 min, then add 15 ml of H₂ O and 1 g of NaF. Allow the reaction mixture to warm to room temperature, dilute with EtOAc (100 ml), separate organic layer from aqueous, dry (MgSO₄), filter and evaporate in vacuo. Treat the residue with Et₂ O, filter and evaporate in vacuo. Use the product immediately, without purification. Using the procedure described in step 4, treat preparative compounds 9-3A(Z), 9-3B(E) and 9-3B(Z) to obtain the corresponding aldehydes 9-A(Z), 9-B(E) and 9-B(Z). ##STR97##

Preparation 10

Treat a solution of 2-thiopheneaceticacid (1.6 g, 11.2 mmole) in anhydrous THF (100 mL, -78° C.) with lithiumhexadimethylsilazide (24.5 mmole, 1M THF soln.). Warm the solution to 0° C. over a period of 2 h, then cool to -78° C. and add ethyl 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!-methoxy!-acetate (3.55 g, 11.2 mmole) dropwise as a THF solution (10 mL). Stir the resulting mixture for 4 h and allow the temperature to warm to 0° C. Quench the reaction with 1 ml HOAc and stir for 4h. Dilute the reaction with EtOAc (100 mL), wash the organics with water (2×50 mL) and brine (1×50 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to obtain 3.4 g of crude product. Purify by silica gel chromatography (3:7 Et₂ O:hexane ) to give the title compound, 2.8 g (7.3 mmole, 65.4%) as a colorless foam.

MS: (Cl+/CH₄) (M+H⁺) 383.

Preparation 11 ##STR98##

Treat a solution of 4-picoline (1.42g, 15 mmole) in anhydrous THF (50 mL, -10° C.) with phenyllithium (15 mmole, 8.3 mL cyclohexane:Et₂ O) and stir for 1 h at 0° C. Cool the solution to -78° C. and add the product of Example 47, Step 1 (5.27 g, 15 mmole) dropwise as a THF solution (10 mL). Stir the resulting mixture for 4 h (-78° C. to 0° C.) and quench with saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl (10 mL). Extract with EtOAc (100 mL), wash with water (2×50mL), brine (50 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄), and concentrate. Purify the crude by silica gel column chromatography (8:2 EtOAc:hexane) to obtain the title compound. (2.5 g, 44%). MS: (Cl+/CH₄) (M+H⁺) 378.

Preparation 12 ##STR99##

Step 1: Treat a solution of 3,5-bis(triflouromethyl)benzaldehyde (10 g, 0.04 moles) in toluene (130 mL) with carboethoxymethylenetriphenyl-phosphorane (14.38 g, 0.041 moles) and reflux in toluene for six hours. Remove the solvent under vacuum and dissolve the residue in CH₂ Cl₂ and filter through a pad of silica gel (50 g) on a suction filter. Concentrate the filtrate and dry under vacuum to give the title compound (13.01 g) as a white solid. MS(Cl, M+H⁺), m/e 313.

Step 2: Treat a degassed solution of the product of Step 1 (31.0 g, 0.04 mmoles) in EtOH (60 mL) with 10% Pd/C (1.3 g), introduce H₂ gas to a pressure of 20 psi. and shake at room temperature for 2 hours. Filter through celite and remove solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain the title compound (13.0 gm). MS(Cl, M+H³⁰), m/e 315.

Step 3: Treat an EtOH solution (200 mL) of the product of Step 2 (13 g, 0.041 moles) with an aqueous solution of NaOH (50%, 12 ml, 0.26 moles). Heat the solution at reflux for 3 h. Cool the mixture to room temperature and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation. Dissolve the residue in water (150 mL) and acidify to pH 2 with concentrated HCl. Extract the product into EtOAc (2×100 mL), wash the EtOAc layer with water (2×50 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to afford a white solid (11.26 g). M. p. 65°-67° C. MS (Cl, M+H⁺) m/e 287.

Step 4: Treat a solution of the product of Step 3 (11.26 g, 0.039 moles) in CH₂ Cl₂ (300 mL) with oxalyl chloride (5.99 g, 0.047 moles, added dropwise with stirring) and a trace of DMF. Stir the mixture at room temperature for 2 h and heat to reflux for 15 min. Cool the reaction to room temperature and concentrate to dryness under vacuum. Repeatedly dissolve the residue in toluene (2×100 mL) and concentrate to dryness to afford an off-white solid. Dissolve the solid in CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL) and add dropwise into a cold (0° C.) solution of phenol (3.7 g, 0.04 moles) in a mixture of CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL) and pyridine (15 mL). Stir at room temperature overnight and concentrate to a yellow oil. Redissolve in CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL), wash with aq. 1M HCl (2×50 mL), water (1×50 mL) and dry (MgSO₄). Remove the solvent by vacuum distilation to afford a light yellow solid (9.2 g). M.p. 39°-40° C. MS (Cl, M+H⁺) m/e 363.

Preparation 13 ##STR100##

Treat a suspension of 3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetic acid (5 g, 18 mmoles) in CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL) with oxallyl chloride (4.7 g, 3.3 mL, 37 mmoles) and a trace (3 drops) of DMF. Stir the mixture at room temp. under N₂ for 1 h and then heat to reflux for 1 h. Cool the mixture and remove the solvent in vacuo. Dilute the residue (5.2 g) with toluene (20 mL) and concentrate under reduced pressure (3 times). Dilute a portion (2.9 g, 10 mmoles) of the crude residue with CH₂ Cl₂ (10 mL) and add to a rapidly stirred biphasic mixture of water (30 mL), concentrated NH₄ OH and CH₂ Cl₂ (30 mL). Stir the mixture an additional 15 min to obtain a precipitate. Separate the organic phase, dilute with 10 mL of EtOAc to dissolve the precipitate and dry (MgSO₄). Remove the solvent by vacuum distilation and triturate the residue with Et₂ O/hexane (30 mL, 4:1). Collect the solid (2.48 g) by vacuum filtration and dry under vacuum. Dissolve a portion of the solid (1.47 g, 5.4 mmoles) in THF (20 mL) and add solid LiAlH₄ (0.51 g, 50 mmole) in small portions. Heat the mixture to reflux for 3 h, cool and then treat with 20 mL of a mixture of CH₃ OH and 2N NaOH (9:1). After rapidly stirring for 20 minutes, remove the precipatate by filtration through celite. Dilute the organic phase with EtOAc (25 mL) and extract with 1N HCl (30mL). Basify the aqueous phase with 3N NaOH and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×30 mL). Dry the organic phase (MgSO₄) and concentrate under vacuum to give 0.22 g of the title compound. Concentrate the EtOAc layer from above under vacuum to a reddish oil and triturate with Et₂ O to obtain an additional 0.11 gms of the title compound as the HCl salt. MS(Cl, M+H⁺), m/e 258.

EXAMPLE 1 1-(3.5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl methoxy!-3-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone O-methyloxime ##STR101##

Treat a solution of the product of Preparation 4 (270 mg, 0.417 mmol) in dry pyridine (5 mL) with O-methoxylamine HCl (52 mg, 0.626 mmol, 1.5 eq) and heat to 60° C. for 30 min. Allow the vessel to cool to 23° C. and remove the pyridine in vacuo. Take up the crude product in a minimal amount of CH₂ Cl₂ (2 mL) and apply to a silica gel column (2.5 cm×15 cm) packed with hexane:EtOAc:triethylamine (66:33:1). Elute with the same solvent system to obtain 190 mg (0.281 mmol, 67%) of the title compound as a colorless foam.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₃ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 677.1772, found 677.1785.

Examples 1 A to 1 F are prepared from the product of Preparation 4 in a procedure similar to that described for Example 1:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR102##                                                                                              HRMS                                                               Starting    (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                                                                    HRMS                                          Ex.                                                                               A          Material    calc'd Found                                         __________________________________________________________________________     1A NOH        hydroxyl    663.1616                                                                              663.1625                                         (Z isomer) amine.HCl                                                        1B HON        hydroxyl    663.1616                                                                              663.1631                                         (E isomer) amine.HCl                                                        1C NOCH.sub.2 Ph                                                                             O-benzyl-   753.2085                                                                              753.2069                                                    hydroxyl                                                                       amine.HCl                                                        1D NOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                                       O-ethyl-    691.1929                                                                              691.1922                                                    hydroxyl                                                                       amine.HCl                                                        1E NOCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2                                                                     O-allyl-    703.1929                                                                              703.1946                                                    hydroxyl                                                                       amine.HCl                                                        1F NOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3                                                                       O-t-butyl-  719.2242                                                                              719.2252                                                    hydroxyl                                                                       amine.HCl                                                        1G NOCH.sub.2 COOH                                                                           H.sub.2 NOCH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H.HCl                                                                 721 (M + 1)                                   1H NO(CH.sub.2).sub.2 COOH                                                                   H.sub.2 NO(CH.sub.2).sub.2CO.sub.2 H.HCl                                                   735.1827                                                                              735.1807                                      __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 2 ##STR103## Treat a solution of triethyl phosphonoacetate (18 μL, 0.11 mmol, 1.1 eq) in dry THF (1.5 mL) at 0° C. with (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NNa (110 gL of .1M THF, 0.11 mmol, 1.1 eq). Stir for 30 min at 0° C. and add a solution of the ketone from Preparation 4 in dry THF (1.5 mL), using THF (0.5 mL) for quantitative transfer. Allow the reaction to warm to 23° C. and stir for 24 h. Quench the mixture with water and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×25 mL). Wash the combined organic layers with 5% aqueous NaOH, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to give the crude product as on oil. Purify by preparative TLC (0.5 mm silica gel; eluant: CH₂ Cl₂ /CH₃ OH (saturated with ammonia) (95:5) to obtain 41 mg (.057 mmol, 57%) of the title compound as a film.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₅ H₃₆ NO₄ F₆ Cl₂ !⁺ : 718.1926, found 718.1915.

EXAMPLES 3-4

Resolve the racemic compound of Example 1 A by HPLC using a Daicel Chiralcel AD chiral chromatography column (2.0 cm.×50.0 cm., 13% isopropanol in hexane). Four injections of 100 mg each provide:

Example 3, the (+) isomer:

    150 mg; t.sub.R =10 min.;.sup. α!.sbsp.25 D=+6.5°,(c=0.01, CHCl.sub.3)

Example 3A, the (-) isomer:

    140 mg;t.sub.R =17 min.; .sup. α!.sbsp.25 D=-9.5°, (c=0.01, CHCl.sub.3).

In a similar manner, resolve the compound of Example 1 B to obtain Examples 4 and 4A:

    Enantiomer A: t.sub.R =21 min.; HRMS (FAB, M+H.sup.+): m/e calc'd for  C.sub.31 H.sub.31 N.sub.2 O.sub.3 F.sub.6 Cl.sub.2 !.sup.+ : 663.1616, found 663.1601;

    Enantiomer B: t.sub.R =31 min.; HRMS (FAB, M+H.sup.+): m/e calc'd for  C.sub.31 H.sub.31 N.sub.2 O.sub.3 F.sub.6 Cl.sub.2 !.sup.+ : 663.1616, found 663.1621.

Prepare examples 5-6 from the products of Example 3 and 3A, respectively, in a manner similar to that described in Example 8, using CH₃ l as the alkyl halide and DMF as the solvent.

EXAMPLE 5 ##STR104## HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₃ N₂ O₃ F₆ Cl₂ !⁺ : 677.1772, found 677.1769. EXAMPLE 6 ##STR105## HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₃ N₂ O₃ F₆ Cl₂ !⁺ : 677.1772, found 677.1762. EXAMPLE 7 ##STR106##

Treat a solution of the ketone of Preparation 4 (100 mg, 0.154 mmol) in ethanol (3 mL) with acetic acid (3 drops) followed by 1 -amino-4-methyl-piperizine. Stir the mixture at 60° C. for 1 h, concentrate and triturate with water using sonication. Filter the resulting colorless solid and wash with water (3 mL) to give 86 mg (0.115 mmol, 75%) of the product as a colorless solid, mp 48°-49° C.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₆ H₄₀ N₄ O₂ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 745.2511, found 745.2502.

Using a similar procedure but substituting 4-aminomorpholine, dimethylhydrazine and 4-amino-i-piperazineethanolfor 1-amino-4-methyl-piperizine, obtain compounds 7A, 7B and 7C, respectively, as E/Z mixtures:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR107##                                                                                             HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,     HRMS                                        Ex.  N(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3) M + H.sup.+)                                                                             Found                                       ______________________________________                                         7A                                                                                   ##STR108##         732.2194  732.2184                                    7B   N(CH.sub.3).sub.2   690.2089  690.2100                                    7C                                                                                   ##STR109##         775.2616  775.2641                                    ______________________________________                                          ##STR110##                                                                

Treat a solution of Example 1A (400 mg, 0.603 mmol) in dry DMF (12 mL) at 0° C. with 60% NaH in mineral oil (48 mg), stir for 40 min and treat with methyl bromoacetate (60 μL, 0.633 mmol, 1.05 eq). Stir for 30 min, pour into EtOAc (250 mL) /half saturated NaHCO₃ (200 mL) and extract. Wash the organic layer with water (2×100 mL), then brine (10 mL) and dry over Na₂ SO₄. Purify the crude mixture by silica gel chromatography (4×15 cm; hex/EtOAc 1:1 w/2% NEt₃) to give 361.8 mg (0.492 mmol, 82%) of the pure product as an oil.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₄ H₃₄ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₅ !⁺ : 735.1827, found 735.1839.

Using a similar procedure, treat the product of Example 1A with the appropriate alkyl halide to obtain the following compounds 8A-8L:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR111##                                                                                                   HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,  HRMS                                     Ex. R.sup.1        Alkyl Halide                                                                               M + H.sup.+)                                                                          Found                                    ______________________________________                                         8A  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                           Me          749.1956                                                                              749.1984                                                    3-Br-propionate                                             8B  CH.sub.2 CN    Br-acetonitrile                                                                            702.1725                                                                              702.1720                                 8C  CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                   Me 4-Br-butyrate                                                                           763.2140                                                                              763.2143                                 8D  CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                   Me 5-Br-valerate                                                                           777.2297                                                                              777.2304                                 8E  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH                                                                          2-Br-1-     707.1878                                                                              707.1856                                                    (t-Bu-diMe-                                                                    silyloxy)-ethane*                                           8F  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                                   2-Br-ethyl  721.2035                                                                              721.2029                                                    Me ether                                                    8G  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phthalyl                                                          N-(3-Br-propyl)-                                                                           850.2249                                                                              850.2248                                                    phthalimide                                                 8H  CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 OH                                                                    (+/-)-3-Br,1,2-                                                                            737.1984                                                                              737.1982                                                    bis-(t-Bu-diMe-                                                                silyl-oxy)-                                                                    propane*                                                    8I  CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                                            Br-methyl   707.1878                                                                              707.1855                                                    Me ether                                                    8J  CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3                                                         2-methoxy-  751.2140                                                                              751.2159                                                    ethoxy-Me Cl                                                8K                                                                                  ##STR112##    epibromohydrin                                                                             719.1878                                                                              719.1881                                 8L                                                                                  ##STR113##    4-(3-Cl-propyl)-1- trityl-imidazole**                                                      771.2303                                                                              771.2305                                 ______________________________________                                          *Followed by desilylation with 1M TBAF in THF (3 h, 23° C.).            **Followed by deprotection of the trityl group by stirring in PPTS/MeOH        for 3 h at 60° C.                                                 

EXAMPLE 9 ##STR114##

Treat a solution of the product of Example 8 (57 mg, 0.078 mmol) in MeOH (3mL) at 0 ° C. with gaseous ammonia for 5 min. After venting 2-3 times, seal the vessel with a polypropylene cap and stir until TLC shows the reaction is complete (20 h) to give (56 mg, 0.078 mmol, >99%) of the pure product as a colorless powder.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₃ Cl₂ F₆ N₃ O₄ !⁺ : 720.1831, found 720.1841.

Using a similar procedure, treat the product of Example 8 with the appropriate amine to obtain the following compounds 9A, 9B and 9E; treat the product of Example 8A to obtain 9C and 9D; and treat the products of Examples 8C and 8D to obtain 9F and 9G, respectively:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR115##                                                                                                   HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,  HRMS                                     Ex. R.sup.1        Amine       M + H.sup.+)                                                                          Found                                    ______________________________________                                         9A  CH.sub.2 CONHCH.sub.3                                                                         CH.sub.3 NH.sub.2                                                                          734.1987                                                                              734.2008                                 9B  CH.sub.2 CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                  (CH.sub.3).sub.2 NH                                                                        748.2144                                                                              748.2123                                 9C  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2                                                                  ammonia     734.1987                                                                              734.1976                                 9D  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONHCH.sub.3                                                                CH.sub.3 NH.sub.2                                                                          748.2144                                                                              748.2124                                 9E  CH.sub.2 CONHOH                                                                               H.sub.2 NOH in MeOH                                                                        736.1780                                                                              736.1767                                 9F  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2                                                         ammonia     748.2144                                                                              748.2169                                 9G  CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CONH.sub.2                                                          ammonia     762.2300                                                                              762.2303                                 ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLES 10 to 18

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the following structural formula were prepared, wherein the definitions of R¹ are shown in the table below:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR116##                                                                                             HRMS calc'd                                                                               HRMS                                       Ex. R.sup.1              (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                                                                        Found                                      ______________________________________                                         10  OCONHCH.sub.3        720.1831   720.1820                                   11                                                                                  ##STR117##          735.1940   735.1956                                   12                                                                                  ##STR118##          749.2096   749.2109                                   13                                                                                  ##STR119##          763.1776   763.1799                                   14                                                                                  ##STR120##          888.3093   888.3090                                   15                                                                                  ##STR121##          804.1613   804.1598                                   16                                                                                  ##STR122##          842.1947   842.1965                                   17                                                                                  ##STR123##          794.2198   794.2195                                   18                                                                                  ##STR124##          778.2249   778.2251                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 10

Treat a solution of the product of Example 1 (100 mg, 0.151 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (1 mL) with CH₃ NCO (9 μL, 0.151 mmol, 1 eq) and pyridine (18 μL, 0.227 mmol, 1.5 eq) and stir for 60 hr. Concentrate in vacuo and purify by silica gel chromatography (2.5×18 cm; EtOAc/Hex 2:1 w/2% NEt₃) to give 88 mg (0.122, mmol 81%) of the pure product as a film.

EXAMPLE 11

Treat a suspension of H₂ NOH.HCl (47 mg, 0.68 mmol, 5 eq) in ethanol with KOH in MeOH (680 μL, 0.68 mmol, 5 eq), sonicate for 5 min and then add to a solution of Example 8B (95 mg, 0.135 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL). Heat for 2.5 h at 60° C., filter, concentrate in vacuo and purify by silica gel chromatography (2.5×14 cm; CH₂ Cl₂ /MeOH (NH₃) 95:5) to give 98.3 mg (0.134 mmol, 99%) of the product as a film.

EXAMPLE 12

Use a procedure similar to that described in Example 11 using the product of Example 8B as the starting material, H₂ NOCH₃.HCl as the alkoxyl amine and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as the solvent.

EXAMPLE 13

Treat a solution of Example 8H (50 mg, 0.068 mmol) in 1,2 dichloroethane (1 mL) with carbonyidiimidazole (60 mg, 0.38 mmol, 5 eq), stir for 10 hr at reflux, and concentrate in vacuo. Purify by silica gel chromatography (1.5×121 cm; CH₂ Cl₂ /MeOH (NH₃) 98:2) to give 40 mg (0.052mmol, 77%) as a film.

EXAMPLE 14

Treat a solution of Example 1G (100 mg, 0.139 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and N-isopropyl-1-piperazine-acetamide (77 mg, 0.417 mmol, 3 eq) with Et₃ N (29 μL, 0.209 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DEC (40 mg, 0.209 mmol, 1.5 eq), stir until complete by TLC (72 hr), and partition between EtOAc (50 mL) /10% citric acid (20 mL). Wash with water (25 mL), sat'd NaHCO₃ (25 mL), brine (10 mL), and dry over Na₂ SO₄. Purify by silica gel chromatography (2.5×10 cm; CH₂ Cl₂ /MeOH (NH₃) 9:1) to give 36.2 mg (0.041 mmol, 29%) of the desired product as a foam.

EXAMPLE 15

In a similar fashion to Example 14, use 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole as the amine to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 16

In a similar fashion to Example 14, use 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid as the amine to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 17

In a similar fashion to Example 14, use (+/-)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol as the amine to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 18

In a similar fashion to Example 14, use 2-methoxyethyl amine as the amine to obtain the desired product.

Examples 19, 19A and 19B ##STR125##

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the structural formula above were prepared, wherein the definitions of R¹ are shown in the following table:

    ______________________________________                                                              HRMS calc'd  HRMS                                         Ex.    R.sup.1       (FAB M + H.sup.+)                                                                           Found                                        ______________________________________                                         19     CH.sub.2 CN   634.1198     634.1206                                     19A    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH                                                                         639.1351     639.1342                                     19B                                                                                    ##STR126##   667.1351     639.1342                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 19

Step 1: Prepare the allyl oxime ether of the product of Example 22, Step 2, using a procedure similar to that used in Example 1, employing 0 allylhydroxylamine HCl as the alkoxyl amine.

Step 2: Deprotect the silyl protective group in a procedure similar to that describe in Example 22, Step 4.

Step 3: Alkylate the hydroxyl group with 3,5-dichlorobenzylbromide in a procedure similar to that in Example 22.

Step 4: Treat a solution of the product of step 3 (285 mg, 0.426 mmol) in 80% aqueous EtOH with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (25 mg, 0.021 mmol, 0.05 eq) and triethylammoniumformate (2.13 mL of IM solution in THF, 5 eq) and stir at reflux for 4 h. Cool, concentrate and purify by silica gel chromatography (2.5×16.5 cm; hex/EtOAc 1:1 w/2% NEt₃) to give 185 mg (0.3095 mmol, 73%) as a film.

Step 5: Treat the product of step 4 in a similar fashion to Example 8, using BrCH₂ CN as the alkyl halide.

EXAMPLE 19A

Treat the product of Example 19, step 4, in a similar fashion to Example 8, using 2-bromo-1-(tbutyldimethylsiloxy)ethane as the alkyl halide, followed by desilylation (3 h, 23° C.) with 1M TBAF in THF.

EXAMPLE 19B

Treat the product of Example 19 in a similar fashion to Example 11 to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLES 20, 20A, 20B, 20C and 20D ##STR127##

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the structural formula above were prepared, wherein the definitions of R¹ are shown in the following table:

    ______________________________________                                                            HRMS calc'd                                                 Ex.   R.sup.1      (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                                                                          HRMS Found                                     ______________________________________                                         20    H            586.1562     586.1582                                       20A   CH.sub.2 CN               627 (M + 1)                                    20B                                                                                   ##STR128##  658.1885     658.1873                                       20C   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH                                                                        630.1824     630.1816                                       20D   CH.sub.3     600.1718     600.1722                                       ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 20

Using a procedure similar to Example 47, substitute 3,5 dichlorobenzyl alcohol for 3,6 bistrifluorobenzyl alcohol in step 1; proceed in a similar manner through steps 2, 3, and 4, using allylhydroxylamine HCl as the alkoxyl amine in step 4. Proceed in a similar fashion through steps 5 and 6, using piperidinopiperidine in place of 4-phenyl-4-piperidinyl acetamide. Treat the resultant product using a procedure similar to Example 19, step 4, to obtain the desired compound.

Example 20A: Treat the product of Example 20 in a similar fashion to Example 8, using BrCH₂ CN as the alkyl halide to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 20D

Treat the product of Example 20A in a similar fashion to Example 11 to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 20C

Treat the product of Example 20 in a similar fashion to Example 8 using 2-bromo-1 -(t butyidimethylsiloxy)ethane as the alkyl halide, followed by desilylation (3 h, 23° C.) with 1M TBAF in THF to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 20D

Treat the product of Example 20 in a similar fashion to Example 8 using CH₃ I as the alkyl halide to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLES 21, 21A, 21B and 21C ##STR129##

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the structural formula above were prepared, wherein the definitions of R¹ are shown in the following table:

    ______________________________________                                                             HRMS calc'd                                                Ex.     R.sup.1     (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                                                                         HRMS Found                                     ______________________________________                                         21      CH.sub.3    631.1620    631.1599                                       21A     CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH                                                                       659.1725    659.1708                                       21B     CH.sub.2 CN 654.1572    654.1563                                       21C                                                                                     ##STR130## 687.1787    687.1797                                       ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 21

Step 1: Prepare the oxime precusor using a procedure similar Example 20, using 1-(pyrrolidinocarbonylmethyl)piperizine in place of piperidinopiperidine.

Step 2: Treat the product of step 1, in a similar fashion to Example 8, using CH₃ I as the alkyl halide to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 21A

Treat the product of Example 21, step 1, in a similar fashion to Example 8, using 2-bromo-1 -(tbutyidimethylsiloxy)ethane as the alkyl halide, followed by desilylation (3 h, 23° C.) with 1M TBAF in THF to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 21B

Treat the product of Example 21, step 1, in a similar fashion to Example 8, using BrCH₂ CN as the alkyl halide to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 21C

Treat Example 21B in a similar fashion to Example 11 to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 22 ##STR131##

Step 1: β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-α- dimethyl(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyl!oxy!-methyl!-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinebutanol

Treat a solution of the diol from Preparation 3 (1 9.8g, 46.6 mmol), Et₃ N (13 mL, 93.2 mmol) and dimethylaminopyridine (564 mg, 4.66 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (300 mL)with TBSCI (8.44 g, 55.9 mmol) at 0° C. Allow the resulting solution to warm to room temperature and stir for 12-18 hours. Quench the reaction with water and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×200 mL), combine the organic layers, dry over MgSO₄, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 10 cm×24 cm; pack column in CH₂ Cl₂ and elute using a gradient of 100% CH₂ Cl₂ to 10% CH₃ OH/CH₂ Cl₂) to obtain 21.5 g (39.8 mmol, 85%) of the title compound as a tan foam.

Step 2: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 - dimethyl(1,1 -dimethylethyl)silyl!oxy!-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-2-pentanone

Treat a solution of the alcohol from Step 1 (21.5 g, 39.8 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (600 mL) with PDC (22.5 g, 59.9 mmol). Stir the resulting black mixture for 12 h. Filter the reaction mixture through a plug of celite and wash plug with CH₂ Cl₂ (200 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL). Concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a black oil. Purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 10 cm ×24 cm; pack column in CH₂ Cl₂ and elute using a gradient of 100% CH₂ Cl₂ to 5% CH₃ OH(NH₃)/CH₂ Cl₂) to obtain 16 g (29.9 mmol, 75%) of the title compound as a tan foam.

Step 3: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 - dimethyl(1,1 -dimethylethyl)silyl!oxy!-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime

Treat a solution of the ketone from Step 2 (6.6 g, 12.3 mmol) and NaOAc (6.05 g, 73.8 mmol) in EtOH (110 mL) and H₂ O (27 mL) with NH₂ OCH₃.HCl. Stir the resulting solution for 12-18 hours at room temperature. Concentrate under reduced pressure and partition the resulting residue between CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL) and H₂ O (100 mL). Extract the aqueous layer with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×100 mL), dry the combined organic layers over MgSO₄, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to yield the crude product as a pale oil. This product is carried on without purification to the next step. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₂₉ H₄₃ N₂ O₃ SiCl₂ !⁺ : 565.2420, found 565.2410.

Step 4: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 -hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime

Treat a solution of the crude oxime from Step 3 (≦12.3 mmol) in THF (400 mL) with TBAF (15.4 mL, 15.4 mmol, 1M in THF) at 0° C. Stir the solution for 2 hours. Quench the reaction with water and extract the aqueous phase with EtOAc (3×100 mL). Dry the combined organic layers over MgSO₄, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a yellow oil. Purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 7.5 cm×20 cm; pack column in CH₂ Cl₂ and elute using a gradient of 100% CH₂ Cl₂ to 5% CH₃ OH(NH₃)/CH₂ Cl₂) to obtain 16 g (29.9 mmol, 75% from Example CAA2) of the title compound as a white solid. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₂₃ H₂₉ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 451.1555, found 451.1553.

Step 5: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 - (2,4-difluorophenyl)methoxy!-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime

Treat a solution of the hydroxy-oxime (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) of Step 4 in DMF at 0° C. with NaH (12 mg, 0.48 mmol). Stir the resulting mixture for 30 mins at 0° C. Add 2,4-difluorobenzylbromide (60 μL, 0.465 mmol) in one portion and remove cooling bath. Stir the reaction for 12-18 hours at room temperature. Quench the reaction with H₂ O and extract with EtOAC (3×30 mL). Dry the combined organic layers over MgSO₄, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to give the crude compound as a yellow oil. Purify by silica gel chromatography (column: 2.5 cm×15 cm; pack column in 50% EtOAc/Hexane and elute using a gradient of 50-100% EtOAc/Hexane) to obtain 128 mg (0.22 mmol, 50% ) of the title compound as a pale oil. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₃₀ H₃₃ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₂ !⁺ : 577.1836, found 577.1832.

Examples 22A to 22AL, shown in the following table, are prepared from the product of Example 22, Step 4 in a procedure similar to that described for Example 22, Step 5, using the appropriate halide:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR132##                                                                                                       HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB, HRMS                                  Ex. T             Starting Material                                                                               M + H.sup.+)                                                                         Found                                 __________________________________________________________________________     22A                                                                                 ##STR133##                                                                                   ##STR134##      566.1977                                                                             566.1982                              22B                                                                                 ##STR135##                                                                                   ##STR136##      566.1977                                                                             566.1976                              22C                                                                                 ##STR137##                                                                                   ##STR138##      609.1899                                                                             609.1886                              22D                                                                                 ##STR139##                                                                                   ##STR140##      616.1981                                                                             616.1984                              22E                                                                                 ##STR141##                                                                                   ##STR142##      609.1899                                                                             609.1906                              22F                                                                                 ##STR143##                                                                                   ##STR144##      610.1198                                                                             610.1203                              22G                                                                                 ##STR145##                                                                                   ##STR146##      569.2338                                                                             569.2335                              22H                                                                                 ##STR147##                                                                                   ##STR148##      694.1618                                                                             694.1615                              22I                                                                                 ##STR149##                                                                                   ##STR150##      660.2008                                                                             660.2005                              22J                                                                                 ##STR151##                                                                                   ##STR152##      583.1879                                                                             583.1886                              22K                                                                                 ##STR153##                                                                                   ##STR154##      609.1253                                                                             609.1253                              22L                                                                                 ##STR155##                                                                                   ##STR156##      639.2141                                                                             639.2147                              22M                                                                                 ##STR157##                                                                                   ##STR158##      577.1836                                                                             577.1840                              22N                                                                                 ##STR159##                                                                                   ##STR160##      677.1909                                                                             677.1907                              22O                                                                                 ##STR161##                                                                                   ##STR162##      631.2494                                                                             631.2499                              22P                                                                                 ##STR163##                                                                                   ##STR164##      639.2141                                                                             639.2141                              22Q                                                                                 ##STR165##                                                                                   ##STR166##      609.1245                                                                             609.1241                              22R                                                                                 ##STR167##                                                                                   ##STR168##      639.2141                                                                             639.2135                              22S                                                                                 ##STR169##                                                                                   ##STR170##      615.1600                                                                             615.1613                              22T                                                                                 ##STR171##                                                                                   ##STR172##      627.1804                                                                             627.1813                              22U                                                                                 ##STR173##                                                                                   ##STR174##      577.1836                                                                             577.1845                              22V                                                                                 ##STR175##                                                                                   ##STR176##      627.1804                                                                             627.1813                              22W                                                                                 ##STR177##                                                                                   ##STR178##      586.1876                                                                             586.1873                              22X                                                                                 ##STR179##                                                                                   ##STR180##      585.1923                                                                             585.1916                              22AK                                                                                ##STR181##                                                                                   ##STR182##      573.2087                                                                             673.2096                              22AL                                                                                ##STR183##                                                                                   ##STR184##      589.2348                                                                             589.2342                              __________________________________________________________________________                                        Analysis                                                                             Analysis                              Ex. T             Starting Material                                                                               Calc'd                                                                               Found                                 __________________________________________________________________________     22Y                                                                                 ##STR185##                                                                                   ##STR186##      C, 68.33; H, 7.08; N, 4.69  C.sub.34                                           H.sub.42 N.sub.2 - O.sub.3 Cl.sub.2                                                  C, 67.99; H, 7.38; N, 4.79            22Z                                                                                 ##STR187##                                                                                   ##STR188##      C, 63.68; H, 6.17; N, 7.68  C.sub.29                                           H.sub.33 N.sub.3 - O.sub.3 Cl.sub.2.0.2                                        5 H.sub.2 O!                                                                         C, 63.54; H, 6.43; N, 7.68            22AA                                                                                ##STR189##                                                                                   ##STR190##      C, 57.86; H, 5.48; N, 4.35  C.sub.31                                           H.sub.33 N.sub.2 - O.sub.4 Cl.sub.2                                            F.sub.3. H.sub.2 O!                                                                  C, 58.16; H, 5.43; N, 4.45            22AB                                                                                ##STR191##                                                                                   ##STR192##      C, 64.18; H, 6.85; N, 4.54  C.sub.33                                           H.sub.40 N.sub.2 - O.sub.4 Cl.sub.2.H.s                                        ub.2 O!                                                                              C, 64.03; H, 7.06; N, 4.77            22AC                                                                                ##STR193##                                                                                   ##STR194##      C, 62.12; H, 6.29; N, 4.42  C.sub.32                                           H.sub.38 N.sub.2 - O.sub.3 Cl.sub.2.0.7                                        5 CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 !                                                                C, 62.37; H, 6.85; N, 4.53            22AD                                                                                ##STR195##                                                                                   ##STR196##      C, 60.28; H, 6.01; N, 8.79  C.sub.32                                           H.sub.35 N.sub.4 -  O.sub.4 Cl.sub.2.                                          1.5H.sub.2 O!                                                                        C, 60.3; H, 6.02; N, 8.60             22AE                                                                                ##STR197##                                                                                   ##STR198##      C, 60.47; H, 6.34; N, 4.41  C.sub.32                                           H.sub.36 N.sub.2 -  O.sub.5 Cl.sub.2.                                          2H.sub.2 O!                                                                          C, 59.79; H, 6.34; N, 4.67            22AF                                                                                ##STR199##                                                                                   ##STR200##      C, 51.89; H, 5.23; N, 4.03  C.sub.30                                           H.sub.33 N.sub.2 -  O.sub.3 Cl.sub.2                                           I. 1.5H.sub.2 O!                                                                     C, 51.73; H, 5.22; N, 3.98            22AG                                                                                ##STR201##                                                                                   ##STR202##      C, 53.54; H, 5.80; N, 4.03  C.sub.31                                           H.sub.35 N.sub.2 -  O.sub.4 BrCl.sub.2.                                         2.5H.sub.2 O!                                                                       C, 53.47; H, 5.49; N,                 __________________________________________________________________________                                              4.14                             

EXAMPLE 22AH

Using 2-acetoxy-1-bromo-1-phenylethane as the halide, prepare 1 -(acetyloxy)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₂₅ H₃₁ N₂ O₄ Cl₂ !⁺ : 493.1661, found 493.1652.

EXAMPLE 22AI

Using a-methylbenzylbromide as the halide, prepare 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-1 -(1 -phenylethoxy)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₂₁ H₂₇ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 555.2181, found 555.2181.

EXAMPLE 22AJ

Using cinnamoylbromide as the halide, prepare 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- 3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy!-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-2-pentanone 0-methyloxime. Mass spectrum (FAB): 567.

EXAMPLE 23 ##STR203##

Treat the product of Example 22, Step 4 (0.203 g) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C. with 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (0.16 9), stir for 30-40 min. and add this mixture to a solution of DEAD (142 μL) and Ph₃ P (0.236 g) in THF (2.5 mL) also at 0° C. Stir the combined mixture for 30 min. and evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure. Purify the residue by silica gel chromatography eluting with mixtures of NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ to give the title compound (0.038 g). Analysis: Calc'd for C₃₀ H₃₂ N₆ O₆ Cl₂ S. H₂ O; C, 57.23, H, 5.44, N,13.25. Found: C, 57.70, H, 5.17, N, 12.91.

Using the product of Example 22, Step 4, as starting material in the procedure of Example 23, prepare Examples 23A and 23 B, using 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thiol and phthalimide, respectively:

EXAMPLE 23A ##STR204##

Example 23A: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₉ H₃₅ N₄ O₂ SCl₂ !⁺ : 573.1858, found 573.1845.

EXAMPLE 23B ##STR205##

Example 23B: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₂ N₃ O₄ Cl₂ ₂ !⁺ : 580.1770, found 580.1771.

EXAMPLE 24 ##STR206##

Treat the product of Example 22, Step 4 (0.18 g) with HOBT (54 mg)and 3,5-bis-trifluorobenzoic acid (0.13 g) in CH₂ Cl₂ (40 mL) at 0° C. To this cooled mixture add DEC (76 mg) and stir for a further 18 h. Wash the solution with H₂ O (20 mL), dry the organic layer over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate give a foam. Purify the crude product by silica gel chromatography eluting with mixtures NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ to give the title compound (0.18 g). Analysis: Calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₀ N₂ O₄ Cl₂ F₆. 1.5H₂ O; C, 53.49, H, 4.63,N, 3.90. Found: C, 53.39, H, 4.31,) N, 3.78.

EXAMPLE 25 ##STR207##

Step 1: Add the product of Example 22, Step 4 (1.8 g) and TFA (0.31 μL) to a iodoxybenzoic acid (2.24 g) in DMSO (20 mL). Stir the mixture for 2 h and add ice/H₂ O (50 mL), conc. NH₄ OH soln. (5 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). Stir the mixture and filter to remove solids. Wash the solid residue with H₂ O (2×20 mL) and EtOAc (2×20 mL). Combine the filtrates, separate the organic layer and wash with H₂ O (2×25 mL), dry over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate to give 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-2-(2-methoxyimino)pentanal (1.8 g) as a foamy solid. Mass spectrum (FAB): 449.

Step 2: Treat the product of Step 1 (0.2 g) in CF₃ CH₂ OH (5 mL) with 3Å molecular sieves (1.0 g) and 3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzylamine (0.14 g). Stir the mixture for 90 min. and add NaBH₃ CN (0.12 g). After 18 h. filter the reaction mixture through a pad of celite, rinse the celite with MeOH (10 mL) and evaporate the combined filtrates. Partition the residue between CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) and 20% KOH (15 mL). Separate the organic layer and extract the aqueous layer with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×20 mL). Combine the organic extracts, dry over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate to give a solid. Purify the crude by silica gel chromatography eluting with NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ mixtures to give the title compound (0.1 g)

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₄ N₃ O₆ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 676.1932, found 676,1 940.

EXAMPLE 25A

3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-1 - (2-methoxyphenyl)methyl!amino!-2-pentanone O-methyloxime.

Using the product of Example 25, Step 1 as starting material, prepare the compound of Example 25A using 2-methoxybenzylamine in a procedure similar to that described in Example 25, Step 2.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₇ N₃ O₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 570.2290, found 570.2291

EXAMPLE 26 ##STR208##

Treat the product of Example 25A (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (5 mL) with HOBT (12.4 mg) and AcOH (1 mL) and cool to 0° C. To the cold solution, add DEC (17.6 mg) and stir for a further 18 h. Wash the reaction mixture with 10% NH₄ OH soln. (3 mL). Reextract the aqueous layer with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×3 mL), combine the organic portions, dry over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate to give a solid. Purify the crude by silica gel chromatography eluting with NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ mixtures to give the title compound (0.042 g).

Analysis: Calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₉ N₃ O₄ Cl₂. 0.5H₂ O; C, 63.76, H, 6.49, N, 6.76. Found: C, 63.83, H, 6.85, N, 6.95.

EXAMPLE 27 ##STR209##

Treat the product obtained in Preparation 5A in a similar manner to the procedures described in Preparation 4 and Example 1 to obtain the desired product.

HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e cal'd for C₃₃ H₃₆ N₃ O₂ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 690.2089, found 690.2085.

EXAMPLE 28 ##STR210##

Dissolve the product of Preparation 9 in anhydrous CH₃ OH, filter, add 0.82 g (4.6 mmol) of 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and 1.1 g of MgSO₄, and stir 30 min at room temperature. Add NaCNBH3 (0.40 g, 6.38 mmol) and stir at room temperature under N₂ for 15 h. Filter and evaporate in vacuo. Partition the residue between CH₂ Cl₂ (150 ml) and H₂ O. Wash the organic layer with brine, dry (MgSO₄), filter and evaporate in vacuo (1.90 g). Purify by flash chromatography (50 g SiO₂ ; eluant:hexane:EtOAc (70:30)) to obtain 1.06 g (61.63%) of the crystalline hemihydrate of the title compound. M.p. 115°-118° C. FAB-Ms.: m/z 675 ( C₃₃ H₃₄ ³⁵ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₂ +H!⁺, 100%). Maleate hemihydrate m.p.56°-60°.

Use the appropriate aldehyde from Preparation 9 and the appropriate amine in the procedure of Example 28 to obtain the compounds shown in the following table:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR211##                                                                    Ex.                                                                               Z            b T         Isomer                                                                             Physical Data                                  __________________________________________________________________________     28A                                                                                ##STR212##  2                                                                                 ##STR213##                                                                              Z   maleate.1/2  H.sub.2 O: m.p.                                                   61-65° C.                               28B                                                                                ##STR214##  2                                                                                 ##STR215##                                                                              E   dimaleate: m.p.: 193-195.5° C.          28C                                                                                ##STR216##  1                                                                                 ##STR217##                                                                              E   FAB-Ms: m/z 661 ( C.sub.32 H.sub.32.sup.35                                      Cl.sub.2 - F.sub.6 N.sub.2 O.sub.2 +                                          H!.sup.+, 100%).                               28D                                                                                ##STR218##  1                                                                                 ##STR219##                                                                              E   maleate.1/2 H.sub.2 O: m.p.: 126-130.degre                                     e. C.                                          28E                                                                                ##STR220##  1                                                                                 ##STR221##                                                                              E   maleate: m.p.: 153-156° C.              28F                                                                                ##STR222##  1                                                                                 ##STR223##                                                                              Z   maleate.H.sub.2 O: m.p. 70-73°          __________________________________________________________________________                                     C.                                        

EXAMPLE b 29 ##STR224## Step 1: Treat the product of Preparation 3 (0.469 g) in a solution of THF (1 mL) and DMF (1 mL) at 0° C. with NaH (50 mg), stir for 15 min., then add benzyl bromide (0.145 mL). Stir the resulting mixture for 18 h , evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure and partition the residue between CH₂ Cl₂ (50 mL) and H₂ O (50 mL). Separate the organic layer, wash with brine (50 mL) dry over MgSO4, filter and evaporate. Purify the product by silica gel chromatography eluting with NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ mixtures to give α- phenylmethoxy!methyl!-β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinol (0.2 g).

Step 2: Oxidize the product of Step 1 (0.1 g) according to the procedure of Preparation 4 to give 1- phenylmethoxy!methyl!-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone (0.178 g).

Step 3: Treat the product of Step 2 (0.16 g) with O-methoxylamine HCl as in the procedure of Example 1 to obtain the title compound (0.14 g). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₀ H₃₅ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 541.2025, found 541.2018

Using the product of Preparation 3 and the appropriate halide, prepare the compounds of Examples 29A to 29K, shown in the following tables, using a procedure similar to that described in Example 29:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR225##                                                                                                       HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB, HRMS                                  Ex. T             Starting Material                                                                               M + H.sup.+)                                                                         Found                                 __________________________________________________________________________     29A                                                                                 ##STR226##                                                                                   ##STR227##      591.2181                                                                             591.2161                              29B                                                                                 ##STR228##                                                                                   ##STR229##      589.2036                                                                             589.2029                              29C                                                                                 ##STR230##                                                                                   ##STR231##      555.2181                                                                             555.2186                              29D                                                                                 ##STR232##                                                                                   ##STR233##      555.2181                                                                             555.2170                              29E                                                                                 ##STR234##                                                                                   ##STR235##      559.1931                                                                             559.1931                              29F                                                                                 ##STR236##                                                                                   ##STR237##      559.1931                                                                             559.1925                              29G                                                                                 ##STR238##                                                                                   ##STR239##      559.1931                                                                             559.1925                              29H                                                                                 ##STR240##                                                                                   ##STR241##      571.2130                                                                             571.2145                              __________________________________________________________________________                                        Analysis                                                                              Analysis                             Ex. T             Starting Material                                                                               Calc'd Found                                __________________________________________________________________________     29I                                                                                 ##STR242##                                                                                   ##STR243##      C, 60.35; H, 6.21; N, 4.54  C.sub.31                                           H.sub.36 N.sub.2 - O.sub.4 Cl.sub.2.HCl                                        , 0.5H.sub.2 O!                                                                       C, 60.32; H, 6.23; N, 4.63           29J                                                                                 ##STR244##                                                                                   ##STR245##      C, 64.64; H, 6.39; N, 4.86  C.sub.321                                          H.sub.36 N.sub.2 - O.sub.4 Cl.sub.2.0.2                                        5 H.sub.2 O!                                                                          C, 64.61; H, 6.41; N, 4.89           29K                                                                                 ##STR246##                                                                                   ##STR247##      C, 61.36; H, 6.49; N, 4.34  C.sub.33                                           H.sub.40 N.sub.2 - O.sub.6 Cl.sub.2.0.8                                        H.sub.2 O!                                                                            C, 61.43; H, 6.40; N,                __________________________________________________________________________                                               4.38                            

EXAMPLE 30 ##STR248##

Step 1: Using the procedure of Example 29, replace O-methoxylamine HCl with hydroxylamine in Step 3 obtain 2- 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy!methyl!-4-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-2-pentanone oxime.

Step 2: Treat the product of Step 1 (0.40 g) in DMF (10 mL) at 0° C. with NaH (55 mg) then methylbromoacetate (0.115 g). Stir the mixture and allow to warm to room temperature over 2 h. Partition the reaction mixture between EtOAc (50 mL) and H₂ O (15 ml). Separate the organic layer, wash with H₂ O (2×15 mL), dry over MgSO₄, filter and evaporate. Purify the residue by silical gel chromatography eluting with mixtures of NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ to give methyl-2- 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy!methyl!-4-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)butylidene!amino!oxy!acetate (0.32 g).

Step 3: Treat the product of Step 2 with 4% NH₃ /CH₃ OH (10 mL) in a sealed bottle and stir for 3 days at room temperature. Evaporate the solution to dryness and purify by silical gel chromatography eluting with mixtures NH₃ /MeOH/CH₂ Cl₂ to give the title compound (0.25 g). HRMS (FAB, M+H₊): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₉ N₃ O₆ Cl₂ !⁺ : 644.2294, found 644.2282.

EXAMPLE 31 ##STR249##

Using a procedure similar to that described in Example 8, treat the ketone of Preparation 4 with diethyl methylphosphonoacetate to obtain the title compound as an E/Z mixture. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₄ H₃₄ Cl₂ F₆ NO₄ !⁺ : 704.1769, found 704.1757.

EXAMPLE 32 ##STR250##

Treat a suspension of (CH₃ OCH₂)Ph₃ PBr (0.21 g, 0.6 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) with NaN(TMS)₂ (0.6 mL of a 1.0M solution in THF) at 0° C. After 30 minutes, add the product of Preparation 4 (0.05 g, 0.08 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) and slowly warm the reaction to room temperature over 1 hour. Stir for 3 hours at room temperature and quench by the addition of water. Extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×25 mL). Wash the combined organics with brine, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude material on two preparative TLC plates (20×20 cm, 0.5 mm thickness) eluting with CH₂ Cl₂ and CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia (98:2) followed by reelution with hexane and 2-propanol (90:10) to provide the product (24 mg, 47%) as a white sticky foam (E/Z mixture). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₄ Cl₂ F₆ NO.sub. !⁺ : 676.1821, found 1 5 676.1834.

Use the appropriate alkyl-substituted Wittig reagents (alkyl-PPh₃ Br) in the procedure of Example 32, to prepare the following compounds:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR251##                                                                                            HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,    HRMS                                          Ex.      A              M + H.sup.+)                                                                            Found                                         ______________________________________                                         32A      CH.sub.2       646.1714 646.1730                                      32B      CHCH.sub.3     660.1870 660.1864                                      32C      CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3                                                                            674.2027 674.2013                                      ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 33 ##STR252##

Treat the product of Example 31 (0.69 g, 0.98 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (30.0 mL) at 0° C. with a solution of DiBAl-H (3.9 mL of a 1M solution in CH₂ Cl₂). Warm to room temperature and stir for 15 minutes. Quench by slowly adding saturated aqueous Na₂ SO₄. Dilute with water and extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×50 mL), wash with brine, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude material on a flash column (100 g SiO₂ ; eluant CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 95:5) to give the desired product as a white powder (0.52 g, 79%). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₄ Cl₂ F₆ NO₃ !⁺ : 676.1820, found 676.1815.

EXAMPLE 34 ##STR253##

Treat the product of Example 33 (0.5 g, 0.7 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) with NaH (0.28 g of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.36 g, 3.5 mmol) at room temperature and stir for 18 hours. Cool to 0° C. and treat with CH₂ Cl₂ (50 mL) and water (10 mL). Wash the organic layer with water, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude material on a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 95:5) to give the desired product as a white foam (0.42 g, 79%). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₅ H₃₆ Cl₂ F₆ NO₄ !⁺ : 718.1926, found 718.1922.

Using the product of Example 33 as the starting material and the appropriate electrophile in the procedure of Example 34, the following compounds are prepared:

EXAMPLE 34A ##STR254## EXAMPLE 34B ##STR255## EXAMPLES 35, 35A, 35B, 35C

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the following structural formula were prepared, wherein the definitions of A are shown in the table below:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR256##                                                                                            HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,    HRMS                                          Ex.     A               M + H.sup.+)                                                                            Found                                         ______________________________________                                         35      CHCH.sub.2N.sub.3                                                                              701.1885 701.1885                                      35A     CHCH.sub.2NH.sub.2                                                                             675.1980 675.1979                                      35B     CHCH.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                    703.2293 703.2290                                      35C     CHCH.sub.2 N (CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH!.sub.2                                                        763.2504 763.2502                                      ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 35

Treat the product of Example 34 (0.8 g, 0.11 mmol) in THF/H₂ O (5:2, 4 mL) with NaN₃ (0.036 g, 5 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.013 g, 0.01 mmol) and heat to reflux for 1 hour. Cool to room temperature and dilute with Et₂ O (10 mL). Separate the organic layer and extract the aqueous layer with additional Et₂ O (2×5 mL).Wash the combined organic layers with brine, dry (Na₂ SO4) and concentrate. Purify the crude material on a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 95:5) to give the desired product as a white sticky foam (0.039 g, 51%).

EXAMPLE 35A

Treat the product of Example 35 (0.21 g, 0.3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) with Ph₃ P (0.095 g, 0.36 mmol) and water (0.25 mL) at room temperature and stir for 2 hours. Add additional Ph₃ P (0.1 g) and stir for 30 minutes. Concentrate and purify the crude product on a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 90:10) to give the desired product as a dark foam (0.11 g, 50%). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₅ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₂ !⁺ : 675.1980, found 675.1979.

EXAMPLE 35B

Use the product of Example 34 as the starting material and dimethylamine in the procedure of Example 35 with THF as the solvent to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 35C

Use the product of Example 34 as the starting material and diethanolamine in the procedure of Example 35 with THF as the solvent to obtain the desired product.

EXAMPLE 36 ##STR257##

Treat the product of Example 1A (0.036 g, 0.05 mmol) with CH₃ I (1 mL) at room temperature and place in the refrigerator for 18 h. Remove the excess CH₃ I under a stream of N₂. Dissolve the residue in CH₃ OH and add water until turbid. When crystals have formed, remove the solvent with a pipette. Wash the crystals with water and pump dry to give the product as a white solid (0.031 g, 78%) HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₃ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₃ !⁺ : 677.1772, found 677.1765.

EXAMPLES 37 to 37E

Using the product of Example 1A in the procedure described in Example 8, reacting with 4-bromobutyronitrile, 5-bromovaleronitrile and 6-bromocapronitrile, respectively, the products of Examples 37 to 37B were obtained; subsequent treatment with hydroxylamine as described in Example 11 resulted in compounds 37C to 37E.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR258##                                                                                            HRMS                                                                           calc'd                                                                         (FAB,    HRMS                                          Ex.   A                 M + H.sup.+)                                                                            Found                                         ______________________________________                                         37      (CH.sub.2).sub.3CN                                                                             730.2038 730.2023                                      37A     (CH.sub.2).sub.4CN                                                                             744.2194 744.2189                                      37B     (CH.sub.2).sub.5CN                                                                             758.2351 758.2353                                      37C     (CH.sub.2).sub.3C(NH.sub.2)NOH                                                                 763.2253 763.2263                                      37D     (CH.sub.2).sub.4C(NH.sub.2)NOH                                                                 777.2409 777.2390                                      37E     (CH.sub.2).sub.5C(NH.sub.2)NOH                                                                 791.2566 791.2575                                      ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 38 ##STR259##

Step 1: Cool a solution of CH₃ P(O)(OCH₃)₂ (0.55 g, 4.4 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) to -780° C. and add n-BuLi (2.75 mL of a 1.6M solution in hexanes) dropwise. Stir for 45 min at -78° C. and add a solution of 4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)glutaric anhydride (0.52 g, 2 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL). Stir for 2 hours at -78° C. and quench by adding 1N HCl (15 mL). Extract with EtOAc (3×25 mL), wash the combined organic layers with brine, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude material on a flash column (100 g SiO_(2;) elute with EtOAc:CH₃ OH:HOAc 90:10:2) to give an oil (0.55 g, 75%).

Step 2: Add K₂ CO₃ (1.0 g, 7.2 mmol) to a solution of the product of step 1 (2.0 g, 5.2 mmol) and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1.9 g, 7.9 mmol) in dry CH₃ CN (60 mL) at room temperature. Stir for 5 hours and filter the crude reaction mixture through filter paper. Concentrate and purify the crude reaction through a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with EtOAc: CH₃ OH: HOAc 90:10:2) to give a white solid (2.0 9, 77%).

Step 3: React the product of step 2 (5.8 g, 11.6 mmol) with H₂ gas (balloon) in the presence of 10% Pd/C (0.58 g, 10% w/w) for 3 hours at room temperature. Pass the crude reaction through a short pad of silica gel eluting with EtOAc to give 3.7 g of product (64%) to be used directly in the next step.

Step 4: Treat a cooled (0° C.) solution of 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.6 g, 8.9 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) with 4-methylmorpholine (0.89 g, 8.9 mmol), HOBT (1.0 g, 7.4 mmol) and the product of step 3 (3.7 g, 7.4 mmol). Stir at 0° C. for 30 min and room temperature for 6 h. Concentrate and dilute the residue with 1:1 water:EtOAc (200 mL). Wash the organic layer with brine, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate. Purify the crude reaction product on a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with EtOAc: hexane 4:5) to give a white foam (1.45 g, 35%).

Step 5: Treat a solution of the product of step 4 (0.5 g, 0.75 mmol) in pyridine (30 mL) with CH₃ ONH₂ ·HCl (0.1 g, 1.2 mmol) and heat to 60° C. for 1.5 hours. Concentrate and purify the residue on a flash column (SiO₂ ; elute with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 95:5) to give the title compound (0.52 g, 99%) as a white solid and a mixture of E and Z oxime isomers.

Step 6: Treat a solution of the product of step 5 (0.2 g, 0.29 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) at 0° C. with DiBAl-H (64 μL of a 1M solution in CH₂ Cl₂). After 10 minutes, quench by the addition of saturated aqueous Na₂ SO₄, dry by the addition of solid Na₂ SO₄ and concentrate. Purify the crude material on two preparative TLC plates eluting with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH saturated with ammonia 95:5 to give the title compound (0.027 g, 14% of oxime isomer A and 0.046 g, 24% of oxime isomer B). Isomer A: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₅ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₂ !⁺ : 675.1980, found 675.1986. Isomer B: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₅ Cl₂ F₆ N₂ O₂ !⁺ : 675.1980, found 675.1986.

EXAMPLE 39

The compounds described in Examples 39 to 39N are prepared in a similar manner to that described in Example 20, using the appropriate oxime and the appropriate amine:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR260##                                                                                              HRMS   HRMS                                                                    (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                                                                    (FAB, M + H.sup.+)                            Example                                                                             Z             R.sup.1                                                                               Calculated                                                                            Found                                         __________________________________________________________________________     39                                                                                   ##STR261##   (CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH                                                                   734.1987                                                                              734.2001                                      39A                                                                                  ##STR262##   H      654.2089                                                                              654.2082                                      39B                                                                                  ##STR263##   (CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH                                                                   698.2351                                                                              698.2349                                      39C                                                                                  ##STR264##   CH.sub.2 CN                                                                           729.1834                                                                              729.134                                       39D                                                                                  ##STR265##                                                                                   ##STR266##                                                                           762.2049                                                                              762.2042                                      39E                                                                                  ##STR267##   CH.sub.2 CN                                                                           693.2198                                                                              693.2206                                      39F                                                                                  ##STR268##                                                                                   ##STR269##                                                                           726.2412                                                                              726.2412                                      39G                                                                                  ##STR270##   H      683.1990                                                                              683.1993                                      39H                                                                                  ##STR271##   CH.sub.2 CN                                                                           722.2099                                                                              722.2088                                      39I                                                                                  ##STR272##                                                                                   ##STR273##                                                                           755.2314                                                                              755.2305                                      39J                                                                                  ##STR274##   (CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH                                                                   727.2253                                                                              727.2229                                      39K                                                                                  ##STR275##   H      682.2038                                                                              682.2042                                      39L                                                                                  ##STR276##   CH.sub.2 CN                                                                           721.2147                                                                              721.2136                                      39M                                                                                  ##STR277##                                                                                   ##STR278##                                                                           754.2362                                                                              754.2371                                      39N                                                                                  ##STR279##   (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CN                                                                   726.2300                                                                              726.2283                                      __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLES 40 and 40A ##STR280## EXAMPLE 40 R² is --C(O)NH₂

Reflux the product of Preparation 4 (52 mg) in EtOH (1.5 mL) with semicarbazide HCl (75 mg) and KOAc (75 mg) for 1 h. Extract the resultant mixture with water, NaHCO₃ and CH₂ Cl₂, dry the organic layer and evaporate to obtain a white foam. MASS (FAB, M+H⁺) m/e 705.

EXAMPLE 40A R² is --C(O)CH₃

Reflux the product of Preparation 4 (42 mg) in EtOH (1.5 mL) with acetylhydrazide (80 mg) and HOAc (25 mg) for 1 h. Extract as in Example 40 and isolate the product by preparative TLC on silica gel, eluting with CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH (12:1) to obtain the desired compound as a foam. MASS (FAB, M+H⁺) m/e 704

EXAMPLE 41 ##STR281##

Step 1: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone

Heat (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (230 ml, 1.0M in THF) under N₂ to 45° C. and add 3,4 dichlorophenyl acetic acid methyl ester (40 g, 0.183 moles) dissolved in 60 ml of dry THF dropwise over 2 h. Stir the solution at 45° C. for another 2.5 h. Cool the solution to room temperature, add a dry THF solution (30 ml.) of THP-protected Br(CH₂)₂ OH dropwise over 1 h., and stir the solution for 24 h. Cool the solution in an ice bath and quench the reaction by adding, dropwise, 250 ml. of 1.0M aqueous HCl. Extract the solution with Et₂ O, wash the organic layer twice with 1.0M aqueous HCl, then with water, and dry over anhydrous Na₂ SO₄. Remove the solvent, dissolve the residue in CH₃ OH and add 0.5 g of pTSA. Stir the solution at room temperature overnight, remove the solvent, add CH₃ OH (500 ml) and stir for 6 h. Remove the solvent again, add more CH₃ OH (500 ml.), stir overnight and remove the solvent. Dissolve the resulting oil in CH₂ Cl₂ (1200 ml.), wash twice with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, then water, and dry over anhydrous Na₂ SO₄. Remove the solvent in vacuo. Purify the reaction mixture by flash chromatography (SiO₂) using EtOAc: hexanes (3:7) as eluent. Yield: 22 g. Cl-MS: 231 (100%), 233 (65%).

Step 2: alpha-(2-bromoethyl)-3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid

Treat the product of Step 1 (21.25 g, 91.96 mmoles) at room temperature with 130 ml. of HOAc saturated with HBr gas. Stir at room temperature for 2 days, then pour into 800 ml. of ice-water with stirring. Store the resultant gum in a freezer for two days, then decant the liquid from the solidified gum. Triturate the solid, filter, wash with water and air dry. Yield: 26.2 g (m.p.=80°-81° C.).

Step 3: alpha-(2-bromoethyl)-3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid chloride

Dissolve the product of Step 2 (8.1 g, 25.96 mmoles) in 20 ml. of dry CH₂ Cl₂. Add oxalyl chloride (8.1 g, 62.3 mmoles), followed by 50 μl of dry DMF and heat the solution to reflux for 3 h. Cool the solution to room temperature and remove the solvent and excess reagent using reduced pressure. Yield: 8.2 g (IR: 1785 cm⁻¹).

Step 4: 5-bromo-1-diazo-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)--2-pentanone

Prepare a solution of diazomethane from 15 g of MNNG by reaction with 45 ml of 40% aqueous KOH topped with 150 ml. of Et₂ O and cool in an ice bath. Add an Et₂ O solution (40 ml.) of the product of Step 3 (8.2 g, 5 24.8 mmoles) in small volumes, stir the solution in the ice bath for 15 min, then heat to reflux for 30 min. Remove the solvent in vacuo. Purify the resulting mixture by flash chromatography on silica gel using CH₂ Cl₂ as eluent. Yield: 7.0 g (IR: 2100 cm⁻¹, 1630 cm⁻¹).

Step 5: 1-diazo-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone

Dissolve the product of Step 4 (3.93 g, 11.7 mmoles) in 50 ml of dry EtOAc. Add 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidine (2.55 g, 14.4 mmoles), followed by dry Et₃ N (13.3 ml.). Heat under N₂ at 60°-65° C. for 28 h. Cool to room temperature, filter the solid and wash with EtOAc. Apply the filtrate 1 5 to a silica gel column and elute the column with 1.5% CH₃ OH(NH₃)/EtOAc. Yield: 2.34 g; Cl-MS: m/e=432 (M+H⁺, ³⁵ Cl+³⁷ Cl isotope).

Step 6: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- (3,5-dimethylphenyl)methoxy!-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-pentanone

Dissolve 3,5-dimethyl benzyl alcohol (1.32 g, 9.71 mmoles) in 4.0 ml of dry CH₂ Cl₂ and add BF₃ etherate (0.44 ml, 3.56 mmoles). Add a dry CH₂ Cl₂ solution (2.0 ml.) of the product of Step 5 (0.7 g, 1.62 mmoles) dropwise at room temperature, under N₂, over a period of 4.5 h. Stir the mixture at room temperature for another 30 min, then quench the reaction with water (6.0 ml) followed, after 10 min of stirring, by Et₃ N (2.0 ml). Stir for 15 min, then dilute with 90 ml of CH₂ Cl₂. Wash the organic layer with water and dry it over anhydrous Na₂ SO₄. Purify the reaction mixture by flash chromatography (SiO₂), eluting the column first with 30% EtOAc/hexanes, then, after elution of the excess of 3,5-dimethyl benzyl alcohol, change the eluent to 40% EtOAc/Hexanes. Yield: 0.435 g. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₁ H₃₆ NO₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 540.2072; found 540.2075.

Step 7: Add methoxylamine HCl (75 mg, 0.9 mmoles) to the product of Step 6 (0.32 g, 0.59 mmoles) dissolved in 3.0 ml of dry pyridine. Heat the solution under N₂, at 60°-65° C. for 90 min, then remove the pyridine in vacuo. Purify the reaction mixture by preparative TLC, eluting the silica gel plates with EtOAc:Hexanes:CH₃ OH(NH₃) (25:75:2.5). Extract the title compound with MeOH(NH₃):EtOAc (5:95). Yield: 0.209 g. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for (C₃₂ H₃₉ N2O₃ Cl₂ !⁺ : 569.2338; found 569.2335.

Examples 41A to 41P are prepared from the product of Example 41, Step 5, by reaction with suitable alcohols or mercaptans using a procedure similar to the one described for Example 41, Step 6. The resulting ketones are reacted with methyloxime hydrochloride using a 5 procedure similar to the one described in Example 41, Step 7.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR282##                                                                    Ex.                                                                                  ##STR283##           HRMS calc'd (FAB M + H.sup.+)                                                           hrms Found                                 ______________________________________                                         41A                                                                                  ##STR284##           601.2236 601.2230                                   41B                                                                                  ##STR285##           609.1245 609.1247                                   41C                                                                                  ##STR286##           547.2494 547.2487                                   41D                                                                                  ##STR287##           625.1670 625.1664                                   41E                                                                                  ##STR288##           611.1514 611.1511                                   41F                                                                                  ##STR289##           583.2494 583.2487                                   41G                                                                                  ##STR290##           691.1929 691.1932                                   41H                                                                                  ##STR291##           577.1836 577.1843                                   41I                                                                                  ##STR292##           627.1804 627.1809                                   41J                                                                                  ##STR293##           617.2338 617.2329                                   41K                                                                                  ##STR294##           599.2807 599.2810                                   41L                                                                                  ##STR295##           599.2807 599.2810                                   41M                                                                                  ##STR296##           623.1402 623.1393                                   41N                                                                                  ##STR297##           697.0235 697.0243                                   41O                                                                                  ##STR298##           587.2807 587.2810                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 42 ##STR299##

Step 1: Methyl 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3- 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-(1 ,3-dithiolanyl)!-propanoate

Dissolve (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (171.0 mL of 1.0M solution, 0.171 mol) in dry THF (170 mL), cool to -78° C. under N₂, add ethyl 1,3-dithiolane-2-carboxylate (33.2 g, 0.186 mol) in dry THF (120 mL) dropwise and stir at -78° C. for 20 mins. Add methyl 3,4-dichlorocinnamate (34.8 g, 0.150 mol) in DMPU (180 mL) dropwise. Stir at -78° C. for 5 h. Add CH₃ OH (30 mL), warm to -30° C. and add saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl (500 mL) and water (500 mL). Extract with EtOAc (3×400 mL), dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (2.5 L of flash silica gel; eluant: 5% EtOAc-hexane then 15% EtOAc-hexane). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 53.6 g (0.131 mol, 87%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (FAB): m/e 409 (M+1)

Step 2: 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2- 3- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-hydroxy!-propyl!-1,3-dithiolane

Dissolve the product (75.10 g, 0.183 mol) of Step 1 in dry THF (700 mL), cool to 0° C. under N₂, add LiAlH₄ (275 mL of 1.0M in Et₂ O, 0.275 mol) dropwise and stir at 0° C. for 30 mins, then at 23° C. for 16 h. Add water (10 mL) dropwise followed by 25 wt % NaOH (10 mL). Dilute with CH₂ Cl₂ (500 mL) and filter through celite. Extract celite with CH₂ Cl₂ via a soxhlet extractor. Concentrate combined organic solutions and triturate with hexane to give 56.8 g (0.167 mol, 92%) of the title compound as a white solid (mp=122°-124° C.). MS (FAB): m/e 339 (M+1)

Step 3: 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2- 3- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- dimethyl(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyloxy!!-propyl!-1,3-dithiolane

Dissolve the product (67.80 g, 0.200 mol) of Step 2 in dry THF (1300 mL), add Et₃ N (30.30 g, 41.8 mL, 0.300 mol) and dimethylamino-pyridine (4.90 g, 0.040 mol) and cool to 0° C. under N₂. Add t-butyl-dimethylsilyl chloride (36.14 g, 0.240 mol) in dry THF (200 mL) dropwise. Warm slowly to 23° C. and stir for 72 h. Add water (1000 mL), extract with EtOAc, dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (2.0 L of flash silica, eluant 1:2 EtOAc:hexane). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 89.4 g (0.197 mol, 99%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (FAB): m/e 453 (M+t)

Step 4: 2- 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxymethyl!-2- 3- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- dimethyl(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyloxy!!-propyl!-1,3-dithiolane

Dissolve the product (89.40 g, 0.197 mol) of Step 3 in dry THF (1 L), cool to 0° C. under N₂, add (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NK (434 mL of 0.5M solution, 0.217 mol) dropwise. Add 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide (75.65 g, 45.2 mL, 0.246 mol), stir at 0° C. for 30 mins, then warm slowly to 23° C. Reflux for 16 h, then cool to 23° C. Add saturated aqueous NH₄ Cl (500 mL) and water (500 mL), extract with EtOAc, dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (3.0 L flash silica, eluant: 10% CH₂ Cl₂ -hexane, 20% CH₂ Cl₂ -hexane, then 25% CH₂ Cl₂ -hexane). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 105.5 g (0.155 mol, 79%) of a yellow oil. MS (FAB): m/e 547 (M+1)

Step 5: 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2- 3- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1- dimethyl(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyloxy!!-propyl!-1,3-dithiolane

Dissolve the product (80.30 g, 0.118 mol) of Step 4 in CH₃ CN (750 mL) and add 48% aqueous HF (55.2 mL, 1.53 mol), stir at 23° C. for 16 h, concentrate and add water (300 mL). Add 2.0N NaOH until pH is 3-4 and then add saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. Extract with CH₂ Cl₂, wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate to give 66.7 g (0.118 mol, 100%) of a yellow oil.

Step 6: 1- 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-2-pentanone

Dissolve the product (99.8 g, 0.176 mol) of Step 5 in THF (1000 mL) and water (1 05 mL), add CaCO₃ (44.10 g, 0.440 mol), stir for 5 mins, then add Hg(ClO₄)₂ (159.7 g, 0.352 mol) in water (185 mL) dropwise. Stir the resultant white precipitate at 23° C. for 5 h, filter, wash the solid with water and EtOAc. Separate layers of filtrate and extract with EtOAc. Wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate to give 86.1 g (0.176, 100%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS (FAB): m/e 471 (M+1--H₂ O)

Step 7: 1- 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-2-pentanone O-methyloxime

Dissolve the product (86.1 g, 0.176 mol) of Step 6 in EtOH (840 mL) and water (165 mL), add CH₃ CO₂ Na (72.2 g, 0.881 mol) and CH₃ ONH₂ HCl (44.12 g, 0.528 mol). Reflux for16 h, cool to 23° C. and concentrate. Add water (800 mL), extract with CH₂ Cl₂, treat organic extracts with charcoal and MgSO₄, filter, and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (2.0 L of flash silica, eluant: 1:1 CH₂ Cl₂ :hexane then 1:1 EtOAc:hexane). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 67.6 g (0.130 mol, 74%) of the title compounds as a yellow oil. The E and Z oxime isomers can be separated by chromatography (10.0 g of mixture on 1.5 L of flash silica; eluant: 10% EtOAc-hexane, 20% EtOAc-hexane, then 30% EtOAc-hexane; gives 6.57 g of desired Z isomer). MS (FAB): m/e 518 (M+1)

Step 8: 1- 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl!methoxy!-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-formyl-2-butanone O-methyloxime

Dissolve oxalyl chloride (2.01 g, 15.82 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (30 mL) and cool to -78° C. under N₂, add DMSO (2.47 g, 31.64 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (12 mL) dropwise and stir at -78° C. for 15 mins. Add the product of Step 7 (6.56 g, 12.66 mmol) in dry CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) dropwise and stir at -78° C. for 3 h. Add diisopropylethylamine (4.91 g, 37.97 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 1 h. Warm slowly to 0° C. and stir at 0° C. for 30 mins. Add water (150 mL) and extract with CH₂ Cl₂. Wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate to give 6.53 g (12.66 mmol, 100%) of a yellow oil. MS (FAB): m/e 516 (M+1).

Step 9: Dissolve the product (1.05 g, 2.03 mmol) of Step 8 and 4-phenylamino-piperidine (1.08 g, 6.13 mmol) in CF₃ CH₂ OH (10 mL), add crushed 3A sieves (1 g) and NaBH₃ CN (0.26 g, 4.07 mmol), and stir at 23° C. for 4 h. Concentrate and add water (60 mL) and EtOAc (60 mL). Filter through celite, separate layers of filtrate and extract aqueous solution with EtOAc. Dry combined organic extracts (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (200 mL of flash silica gel; eluant:3% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 0.98 g (1.45 mmol, 66%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. MS (FAB): m/e 676 (M+1)

The following compounds of formula 42A to 42Z are prepared by reacting the product of Example 42, Step 8, with an appropriate amine according to the procedure of Example 42, Step 9:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR300##                                                                                                  MS (FAB):                                        Ex.   Z                       m/e                                              ______________________________________                                         42A                                                                                   ##STR301##             628 (M + 1)                                      42B                                                                                   ##STR302##             586 (M + 1)                                      42C                                                                                   ##STR303##             682 (M + 1)                                      42D                                                                                   ##STR304##             669 (M + 1)                                      42E                                                                                   ##STR305##             684 (M + 1)                                      42F                                                                                   ##STR306##             668 (M + 1)                                      42G                                                                                   ##STR307##             587 (M + 1)                                      42H                                                                                   ##STR308##             587 (M + 1)                                      42I                                                                                   ##STR309##             704 (M + 1)                                      42J                                                                                   ##STR310##             657 (M + 1)                                      42K                                                                                   ##STR311##             711 (M + 1)                                      42L                                                                                   ##STR312##             682 (M + 1)                                      42M                                                                                   ##STR313##             697 (M + 1)                                      42N                                                                                   ##STR314##             682 (M + 1)                                      42O                                                                                   ##STR315##             712 (M + 1)                                      42P                                                                                   ##STR316##             683 (M + 1)                                      42Q                                                                                   ##STR317##             750 (M + 1)                                      42R                                                                                   ##STR318##             736 (M + 1)                                      42S                                                                                   ##STR319##             670 (M + 1)                                      42T                                                                                   ##STR320##             711 (M + 1)                                      42U                                                                                   ##STR321##             680 (M + 1)                                      42V                                                                                   ##STR322##             712 (M + 1)                                      42W                                                                                   ##STR323##             712 (M + 1)                                      42X                                                                                   ##STR324##             698 (M + 1)                                      42Y                                                                                   ##STR325##             654 (M + 1)                                      42Z                                                                                   ##STR326##             690 (M + 1)                                      ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 43 ##STR327##

Dissolve the product (0.380 g, 0.578 mmol) of Example 42J in THF (3 mL) and CH₃ OH (1 mL). Add 1N KOH (2.7 mL, 2.70 mmol) and reflux for 16 h. Cool to 23° C. and add 1N HCl (5 mL) and water (20 mL). Extract with CH₂ Cl₂ (3×20 mL), wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter and concentrate to give 0.312 g (0.496 mmol, 86%) of the title compound as a yellow foam. MS (FAB): m/e 629 (M+1)

EXAMPLE 44 ##STR328##

Dissolve 3-pyrrolidinol (0.033 g, 0.375 mmol) in dry THF (2 mL) and cool to 0° C. under N₂. Add diisopropylethylamine (0.097 g, 0.13 mL, 0.750 mmol) then add bromoacetyl bromide (0.076 g, 0.033 mL, 0.375 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL). Stir at 0° C. for 30 mins. Add the product (0.20 g, 0.341 mmol) of Example 42B in dry THF (3 mL), warm to 23° C. slowly and stir for 16 h. Concentrate, add water (20 mL), extract with EtOAc, wash combined organic extracts with saturated aqueous NaCl, dry (MgSO₄), filter, and concentrate. Purify by chromatography (70 mL of flash silica gel; eluant: 10% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂ then 20% CH₃ OH--CH₂ Cl₂). Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to give 0.118 g (0.165 mmol, 49%) of the title compound as a yellow oil.MS (FAB): m/e 713 (M+1).

Using the appropriate amine in the procedure of Example 44, the following compounds of formula 44A and 44B are prepared:

EXAMPLE 44A ##STR329## EXAMPLE 44B ##STR330## EXAMPLE 45 ##STR331##

Treat a suspension of sarcosine methyl ester hydrochloride (6.02 g,43 mmole) in CH₂ Cl₂ (250 ml) at 0° C. with 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl benzoyl chloride (7.7 ml, 42.5 mmole) and Et₃ N (12.5 ml, 89.7 mmole). Stir the mixture at 20° C. for 1 h. Add water (150 ml) to the mixture and separate the organic layer. Dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate the organic layer to give crude product. Purify by silica gel chromatography (eluant: EtOAc:hexane (6:4)) to obtain 12 g (81%). ##STR332##

Treat a solution of 3,4-dichlorolphenyl acetic acid (4.15 g, 20 mmole) in anhydrous THF (50 ml) at -60° C. with (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (46.2 ml, 46.2 mmole) and slowly warm the mixture to 0° C. for 4 h. Transfer this solution to a solution of the product of Step 1 (5.46 g, 16 mmole) in anhydrous THF (8 ml) at -30° C. Warm the reaction to -10° C. over 1 h, stir at 0° C. for 1 h and at 20° C. for 4h. Add 50% of aqueous HOAc (15 ml) and extract with EtOAc twice. Separate the organic layer, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate to give the crude product. Purifiy by silical gel chromatography (eluant: hexane/EtOAc, 6:4) to give 5.21 g (69%) of the product. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺)=m/e calc'd for C₁₉ H₁₄ NO₂ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ =472.0306, found 472.0306 ##STR333##

Treat a solution of the product of Step 2 (0.96 g, 2 mmole) in THF (6 ml) at -78° C. with (CH₃)₃ Si!₂ NLi (2.5 ml, 2.5 mmole) and stir at -78° C. for 25 h. Add a solution of 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene (0.42 g) in THF (1 ml) to the above anion solution at -78° C., slowly warm the solution to 0° C. and stir at 20° C. for 2 h. Add saturated NH₄ Cl solution (5 ml), extract with EtOAc twice wash the combined EtOAc extracts with brine, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate to give a crude product. Purify by column chromatography (silica gel; eluant: EtOAc:hexane, 2:8) to obtain 1 g of product (87%). MS (FAB, M⁺⁺) m/e 540. ##STR334##

Treat a solution of the product of Step 3 (0.22 g, 0.4 mmole) in pyridine (3 ml) at 70° C. with methoxyamine HCl (95 mg, 1.14 mmole), stir at 70° C. for 6.5 h and then cool to 20° C. Add water to the reaction mixture, extract the solution with EtOAc, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate the EtOAc extracts to give the crude product. Purify by silica gel chromatography (eluant: hexane:Et₂ O, 1:1) to give 74 mg (32%) of Z-isomer and 130 mg (56%) of E-isomer oximes. MS (FAB, M+H⁺)=m/e 569. ##STR335##

Treat the product of Step 4 (0.387 of E-isomer, 0.68 mmole) in a solution of EtOAc saturated with O₃ (7.5 ml) at -78° C. for 5 min. Purge the solution with N₂, add (CH₃)₂ S (1.5 ml) and warm the solution from -78° C. to 20° C. over 1 h. Concentrate the solution to give the desired aldehyde which is used directly in the next reaction without further purification. MS (FAB.M +H⁺)=m/e 543.

Step 6: Treat the product of Step 5 with 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine in a procedure similar to that described in Example 42, Step 9, to obtain the title compound in overall 77% yield. HRMS(FAB,M⁺ H⁺)=m/e calc'd for c33H34N3O3Cl2F6!⁺ :704.1881, found 704.1875.

EXAMPLE 46 ##STR336##

By following a procedure similar to that of Example 45, using the appropriate reagents, the title compound is prepared. HRMS(FAB, M+H⁺)=m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₄ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ =691.192, found 691.1938.

EXAMPLE 47 ##STR337##

Step 1: Stir a solution of 2-chloro-N-methyl-N-methoxy acetamide (28.2 g, 205 mmol), 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl benzyl alcohol (50.0 g, 205 mmol, 1 eq) and CsCO₃ (134 g, 416 mmol) in dry DMF (410 mL) for 20 h. Pour into 1 L Et₂ O+500 mL hexane+500 mL water. Extract the water layer with 2×1 L Et₂ O, combine the organic layers, wash with water (2×500 mL) followed by brine (500 mL). Dry over MgSO₄, concentrate in vacuo to give 70.2 g (>99%) of the product as a viscous oil.

Step 2: Treat a suspension of Mg turnings (1.8 g) in dry Et₂ O (12 mL) at 30° C. with a-3,4-trichlorotoluene (10.2 mL) in Et₂ O (65 mL) dropwise over 1 h, then stir at 23° C. for 20 min. Add the Grignard reagent dropwise to a solution of the product of step 1 (15.0 g, 43.4 mmol) in 350 mL Et₂ O at -78° C. Stir for 15 min at -78° C., warm to 23° C., pour into 500 mL 0.5N HCI. Extract with Et₂ O, combine organic layers, wash with brine, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate. Triturate the crude product in cold pentane to give 23.3 g of the pure product as a colorless powder.

Step 3: To (CH₃)₃ Sl!₂ NNa (67.4 mL, 1.0M in THF) in THF (540 mL) at -78° C., add the product of step 2 (30.0 g, 67.4 mmol) as a solution in 120 mL THF dropwise over 30 min. Stir for 2 h, then, over 30 min, add 2-iodo-N-methoxy-N- methylacetamide (Prepare by stirring a solution of 2-chloro-N-methoxy-N- methylacetamide (10.58 g, 77.6 mmol) and Nal (11.9 g) in 190 mL acetone for 18 h in the dark. Remove the solvent in vacuo, add 300 mL THF and filter the suspension through a pad of Celite. Concentrate the filtrate and dissolve the crude in 80 mL THF.). Allow to warm to 23° C., adding 15 mL saturated NH₄ Cl when the internal temperature reaches 0° C., then concentrate in vacuo. Add 750 mL CH₂ Cl₂, 1.5 L Et₂ O, and 750 mL water. Wash the organic layer with brine, dry over Na₂ SO₄, and concentrate. Purify the crude product by filtration through a plug of silica gel using CH₂ Cl₂ /Et₂ O/hexane (1:1:2) as eluent to give 32.4 g, 88% of the product as a viscous oil.

Step 4: Using a procedure similar to that of Example 1, treat the ketone of step 3 to obtain the corresponding oxime methyl ether in 80% yield.

Step 5: Treat a solution of the product of step 4 (2.02 g, 3.5 mmol) in THF (40 mL, -78° C.) with DIBAL (1M in hexane, 10 mL, 10 mmol) for 10 min. Quench the reaction mixture with sat'd. aq. Na₂ SO₄ (2 mL) and allow to warm to room temperature. Dilute the solution with Et₂ O (750 mL), dry (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrate to give the crude aldehyde as a colorless oil. The aldehyde is used immediately without any further purification.

Step 6: To a solution of the aidehyde from step 5 (184 mg, 0.36 mmol) in CF₃ CH₂ OH(2 mL) add 4-phenyl-4-piperidinyl acetamide (157 mg, 0.72 mmol), 3 A crushed molecular sieves, and NaBH₃ CN (98 mg, 1.6 mmol). Stir the reaction mixture for 1 h, concentrate and purify by silica gel chromatography (eluent: CH₂ Cl₂ :CH₃ OH:NH₃ aq. (20:1:0.1)) to give the Z isomer of the title compound as a colorless foam. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₄ H₃₆ Cl₂ F₆ N₃ O₃ !⁺ : 718.2038, found 718.2050.

Using the product of Step 5 and the appropriate amine in the procedure of Step 6, the following compounds are prepared:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR338##                                                                                                   MS (FAB):                                       Ex.    Z                       m/e                                             ______________________________________                                         47A                                                                                    ##STR339##             calc'd: 704.181; found: 704.1886                47B                                                                                    ##STR340##             669 (M + H.sup.+)                               47C                                                                                    ##STR341##             651 (M + H.sup.+)                               47D                                                                                    ##STR342##             666 (M + H.sup.+)                               47E                                                                                    ##STR343##             697 (M + H.sup.+)                               47F                                                                                    ##STR344##             735 (M + H.sup.+)                               47G                                                                                    ##STR345##             677 (M + H.sup.+)                               47H                                                                                    ##STR346##             693 (M + H.sup.+)                               47I                                                                                    ##STR347##             651 (M + H.sup.+)                               ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 48

Use the products of Preparations 10 and 11, and others prepared in a similar manner, in the procedure of Example 47 to obtain the following compounds:

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR348##                                                                    Ex.                                                                               Z                Q         Isomer                                                                             Physical Data                                __________________________________________________________________________     48                                                                                 ##STR349##                                                                                      ##STR350##                                                                              Z   MS (Cl/CH.sub.4, M + H.sup.+): 614           48A                                                                                ##STR351##                                                                                      ##STR352##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 610.2                  48B                                                                                ##STR353##                                                                                      ##STR354##                                                                              E/Z mixture                                                                        MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 598.1                  48C                                                                                ##STR355##                                                                                      ##STR356##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 611.2                  48D                                                                                ##STR357##                                                                                      ##STR358##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 659.3                  48E                                                                                ##STR359##                                                                                      ##STR360##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 679.3                  48F                                                                                ##STR361##                                                                                      ##STR362##                                                                              E/Z mixture                                                                        MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 616.4                  48G                                                                                ##STR363##                                                                                      ##STR364##                                                                              E/Z mixture                                                                        MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 611.0                  48H                                                                                ##STR365##                                                                                      ##STR366##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 660.0                  48I                                                                                ##STR367##                                                                                      ##STR368##                                                                              Z   MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 650.9                  48J                                                                                ##STR369##                                                                                      ##STR370##                                                                              E/Z mixture                                                                        MS (FAB M + H.sup.+): 614.0                  48K                                                                                ##STR371##                                                                                      ##STR372##                                                                              E/Z mixture                                                                        MS (FAB M + H.sup.+):                        __________________________________________________________________________                                       605.0                                   

EXAMPLE 49 ##STR373##

To a solution of 3,4-dichlorocinnamic acid (5.4 g, 20 mmoles), 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine (3.6 g, 20.3 mmoles) and Et₃ N (3 mL) in dry THF (100 mL), add a THF suspension of EDCl (3.85 g, 20 mmoles in 30 mL dry THF). After 2 h, add water (100 mL) and extract the product into EtOAc (100 mL). Wash the organic phase with aqueous K₂ CO₃ (50 mL) followed by 0.5M HCl (50 mL). Dry the organic phase (MgSO4) and remove the solvent under reduced pressure. The crude product crystallizes (7.5 g) on standing. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₀ H₂₀ NO₂ Cl₂ !⁺ : 376.0871, found 376.0856. ##STR374##

Treat a solution of the product of Step 1 (0.5 g, 1.37 mmoles) in CH₃ NO₂ (10 mL) with 1 mL of Triton B (40% benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in CH₃ OH). Heat the stirred solution to reflux for 3.5 h. Cool the mixture, neutralize with 1M HCl and dilute with water (30 mL). Extract the product into EtOAc (2×30 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate to an oil. Purify by silica gel chromatography (eluant: EtOAC/Hexane (1:1 to 2:1)) to obtain 0.309 9 of the title compound and 0.160 g starting material. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₁ H₂₃ N₂ O₄ Cl₂ !⁺ : 437.1035, found 437.1023. ##STR375##

Step 3a: Treat a solution of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)bromobenzene (45.87 g, 0.156 moles) in degassed toluene (300 mL) with allyltributyltin (54.47 g, 0.164 moles) and (C₆ H₅)₃ P!₄ Pt (1.8 g, 1.44 mmoles) and reflux for 24 h. Distill the toluene at atmospheric pressure and distill the residue under reduced pressure (10 mm Hg) at 90°-100° C. to afford 23.89 g of the title compound. B.p.: 92°-97° C. at 10 mm Hg. MS (Cl, M+H⁺), m/e 255.

Step 3: Treat a THF solution (15 mL) of a mixture of the products of Step 2 (1.8 g, 4.1 mmoles) and Step 3a (2.2 g, 8.6 mmoles) with C₆ H₅ NCO (1.67 g, 14 mmoles), followed by four drops (˜0.05 g) of dry Et₃ N and stir the mixture for 20 h at room temperature under N₂. Dilute with hexane (5 mL) and filter to remove solids. Concentrate the filtrate to an oil and purify by flash silica gel chromatography (eluant: EtOAc/hexane 1:1) to give the two diastereoisomers of the title compound (total yield: 1.3 g): diastereoisomer A: 0.8 g; diastereoisomer B: 0.5 g. Diastereoisomer A: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₂₉ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 673.1459, found 673.1462; M.P. 80°-85° C. Diastereoisomer B: HRMS FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₂₉ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 673.1459, found 673.1455; M.P. 85°-88° C. ##STR376##

Treat a cold (5° C.), stirred solution of the product of Step 3 (2.02 g, 3 mmoles in 50 mL of dry THF) under N₂ with neat 10M (CH₃)₂ S·BH₃ (0.5 mL). Heat at reflux for 3 h, cool to room temperature and quench the reaction with 1N HCl (5 mL). Evaporate the solvent with warming under reduced pressure, treat the mixture with 50 mL of CH₃ OH and 2 g of K₂ CO₃, stir with heating at reflux for 6 h. Cool the mixture, dilute with water (75 mL) and extract the product into CH₂ Cl₂ (2×50). Wash the organic layer with water (2×30 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and remove the solvent under vacuum. Purify the residue by silica gel flash chromatography (eluant: EtOAc/hexane/CH₃ OH, 4:5:1 to 6:3:1) to afford 0.330 g of diastereoisomer A and 0.180 g diastereoisomer B. Diastereoisomer A: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₁ N₂ O₂ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 659.1667, found 659.1665 Diastereoisomer B: HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₁ N₂ O₂ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 659.1667, found 659.1665. ##STR377##

Wash Raney Nickel (0.3 g, 50% aqueous suspension) with EtOH (4×5 mL), add EtOH (15 mL), glacial HOAC (0.250 g) and the the product of Step 4 (diastereoisomer A, 0.3 g, 0.45 mmoles), degas and evacuate the mixture under vacuum. Introduce an atmosphere of H₂ gas and stir the mixture vigorously overnight at room temperature. Purge the mixture with N₂, filter through celite and concentrate under vacuum. Pass the residue through a pad of silica gel, eluting with EtOAc, and concentrate to an oil to afford 0.206 g of the title compound as a mixture of diastereoisomers. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₂ H₃₂ NO₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 648.1496, found 648.1507.

Step 6: Treat a solution of the product of Step 5 (0.25 g, 0.37 mmoles) in CH₃ OH (2 mL) and pyridine (3 mL) with CH₃ ONH₂ HCl (0.50 gms, 0.71 mmoles) and heat at reflux for 3 h. Evaporate the solvent and dissolve the residue in EtOAc (5 mL), wash with water, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate to afford 0.106 g of a mixture of diastereoisomers. HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₃₃ H₃₃ N₂ O₃ Cl₂ F₆ !⁺ : 691.1929, found 691.1938.

EXAMPLES 50 to 56

Using the procedures described below, compounds of the following formula were prepared, wherein the variables are as defined in the table:

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR378##                                                                    Ex.  A                                                                                        ##STR379##      HRMS (FAB, M + H.sup.+): m/e calc'd                                                   HRMS (FAB, M + H.sup.+): m/e             ______________________________________                                                                               found                                    50   NOCH.sub.3                                                                              CH.sub.2 C(O)CH.sub.2                                                                           689.1772                                                                              689.1765                                 51   NOCH.sub.3                                                                              CH.sub.2 C(NOH)CH.sub.2                                                                         704.1881                                                                              704.1889                                 52   NOCH.sub.3                                                                              CH.sub.2 C(NOCH.sub.3)CH.sub.2                                                                  718.2038                                                                              718.2051                                 53   NOH      C(O)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                           675.1616                                                                              675.1594                                 54   NOCH.sub.3                                                                              C(O)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                           689.1772                                                                              689.1775                                 55   NH       NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                                             686.1827                                                                              686.1840                                 56   NOH      NHCH.sub.2       688.1619                                                                              688.1626                                 ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 50

Treat a cold (-5° C.) acetone (10 mL) solution of the product of Example 49 (0.3 g, 0.433 mmoles) with 0.8 mL of freshly prepared Jones reagent (CrO₃, H₂ SO₄). Stir for 15 min and neutralize to pH 8 with 2 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ diluted with 15 mL of water. Extract the product with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×10 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation to give a light brown solid (0.3 g). Purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (CH₂ Cl₂ /CH₃ OH/NH₄ OH, 9:1:0.6) to give a yellow gummy solid (0.14 g).

EXAMPLE 51

Treat a mixture of the product of Example 50 (0.06 g, 0.087 mmoles), HONH₂ ·HCl (0.03 g, 0.43 mmoles) with pyridine (0.3 mL) in CH₃ OH (0.5 mL) and reflux with stirring under an inert atmosphere for 4 h. Cool the reaction mixture to room temperature, dilute with water (5 mL) and extract the product into EtOAc (2×5 mL). Wash the organic phase with water (2×5 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate under reduced pressure to an oil. Purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (eluant: EtOAc/hexane, 2:1) to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.032 g). M.p.: 55°-60° C.

EXAMPLE 52

Treat a mixture of the product of Example 50 (0.04 g, 0.0578 mmoles) with CH₃ ONH₂ ·HCl (0.024 g, 0.29 mmoles) in a manner similar to that describd in Example 51 to afford the title compound as a yellow gum (0.02 g).

EXAMPLE 53 ##STR380##

Treat a 25 mL THF solution the product of Example 1, Step 2 (1.3 g, 2.97 mmoles) with 10M (CH₃)₂ S·BH₃ (0.9 mL, 9 mmoles) with stirring under N₂. Heat the mixture to reflux for 2 h, cool to 5° C. and quench the reaction with 1.5M H₂ SO₄. Dilute the mixture with 30 mL of water and extract the product into EtOAc (2×30 mL). Dry the organic layer (MgSO₄) and concentrate to dryness to afford a white solid. Take up the residue in CH₃ OH (40 mL) and add solid K₂ CO₃ (1 gm). Heat the mixture to reflux for 2 h, cool, filter through celite and concentrate to 1/3 the original volume. Dilute the mixture with water (25 mL), extract into EtOAc (2×30 mL), wash the organic layer with water (2×25 ml), dry and remove the solvent under vacuum to afford 1.06 g of the title compound. MS(Cl, M+H⁺), m/e 423.

Step 2: Treat a suspension of potassium tert-butoxide in 5 mL of DMSO with a solution of the product of Step 1 (0.4 gm, 0.944 mmoles in 10 mL of DMSO). Stir at room temperature for 30 min, then treat with a solution of the product of Preparation 12 (1.369 g, 3.78 mmoles) in DMSO (10 mL). Stir the mixture at room temperature overnight under an inert atmosphere. Dilute the mixture with water (25 mL) and extract with EtOAc. Wash the organic phase with water (2×25 mL), dry and concentrate under reduced pressure to give a semisolid. Triturate the solid with Et₂ O and filter to give a light yellow solid (0.56 g). Recrystallize from CH₂ Cl₂ to give 0.36 g of a white solid. M.p. 145°-150°

Step 3: Treat the product of Step 2 (0.25 g, 0.36 mmoles) in 5 mL of CH₃ CN with Et₃ N (0.5 g, 0.5 mmoles) and CS₂ (0.4 g, 5 mmoles). Heat the reaction to 50° C. for 5 h. Remove solvent and excess volitiles by vacuum distillation and purify the product by preparative TLC (eluant, EtOAc/hexane/CH₃ OH, 5:4:1) to give the title compound (0.147 g).

EXAMPLE 54

Treat a solution of the product of Example 53 (0.05 g, 0.074 mmoles) in THF (1 mL) with a suspension of NaH (3.2 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, from which oil is removed by washing with 0.5 mL of hexane, 0.08 mmoles NaH) in THF (0.5 mL) at room temperature for 30 min with stirring under an inert atmosphere. Cool the mixture to -70° C. and treat with an 0.2M solution of CH₃ l in THF (0.4 mL, 0.08 mmoles). Gradually warm the mixture to 10° C. Add water (2 ml) and extract the product into EtOAc (5 mL), dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid. Purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (EtOAc/hexane, 2:1) to afford the title compound (0.012 g).

EXAMPLE 55

Step 1: Treat a solution (5 mL) of the product of Example 53, Step 1 (0.24 g, 0.56 mmoles) in CH₃ CN (5 mL) with Et₃ N (0.6 mL). Stir for 10 min at room temperature, add neat CS₂, stir the mixture under N₂ overnight and then heat to 70° C. for 1 h. Remove solvent and excess volitles by vacuum distillation and the purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (EtOAc/hexane, EtOAc/hexane 6:4, then CH₃₀ H/EtOAc/hexane 1:5:5) to afford 0.132 gm of the title compound. MS(Cl, M+H⁺), m/e 389.

Step 2: Treat a solution of the product of Step 1 (0.201 g, 0.516 mmoles in 2 mL of CH₂ Cl₂) with a solution of Al(CH₃)₃ in hexane (0.26 mL of 2M Al(CH₃)₃ in hexane). In a separate flask, treat a solution of of the product of Preparation 13 (0.167 g, 0.568 mmoles in 2 mL of CH₂ Cl₂) with Al(CH₃)₃ (0.284 mL of 2M Al(CH₃)₃) and mix thoroughly. After 20 min, mix the two solutions and warm the resulting mixture to 70° C. overnight with stirring under N₂. Dilute the reaction mixture with EtOAc (5mL) and treat with 0.2M HCl (5 mL) with thorough mixing. Wash the EtOAc layer with water, dry (MgSO₄) and concentrate to an oil. Purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (eluant: EtOAc/Hexane/CH₃ OH, 5:4:1) to afford 0.0135 g of the title compound.

EXAMPLE 56

Step 1: Treat the product of Example 55, Step 1 (0.33 g, 0.85 mmoles) in 6 mL of a mixture of CH₃ OH and pyridine (5:1) with HONH₂ HCl (0.08g, 1.1 mmoles) and heat for 1 h at reflux with stirring under N₂. Cool the mixture to room temperature and remove the solvent by vacuum distillation. Purify the residue by preparative silica gel TLC (eluant: EtOAc/hexane, 2:1) to obtain a white solid (0.350 gm). HRMS (FAB, M+H⁺): m/e calc'd for C₂₁ H₂₆ N₃ O₂ Cl₂ !⁺ : 422.1402, found 422.1404.

Step 2: Treat the product of Step 1 (0.1 g, 0.24 mmoles) in dry pyridine (1.5 mL) at 0° C. with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.07 gm, 0.25 mmoles) with stirring under N₂. Warm the reaction to room temperature over 1/2 h, then heat at 80° C. for 1 h. Remove the solvent by vacuum distillation and purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (EtOAc/hexane 1:1) to afford a clear glassy solid (0.127 g). MS(Cl, M+H³⁰), m/e 611.

Step 3: Treat a solution of the product of Step 3 (0.1 g, 0.155 mmoles in 3 mL of Et₂ O) with three portions (50 mgs each) solid LiAlH₄. Stir the mixture under N₂ for 1 h at room temperature and then carefully quench with a mixture of CH₃ OH and 3M NaOH (1:1, 2 mL). Remove solids by filtration through celite and remove solvent by vacuum distillation to afford a gummy residue. Purify the product by preparative silica gel TLC (eluant, EtOAc/hexane/CH₃ OH, 8:1:1) to afford the title compound as a glassy solid (0.27 g).

The following formulations exemplify some of the dosage forms of this invention. In each, the term "active compound" refers to a ound of formula I.

EXAMPLE A

    ______________________________________                                         Tablets                                                                        No.  Ingredient          mg/tablet                                                                               mg/tablet                                    ______________________________________                                         1    Active Compound     100      500                                          2    Lactose USP         122      113                                          3    Corn Starch, Food Grade, as a 10%                                                                   30       40                                               paste in Purified Water                                                   4    Corn Starch, Food Grade                                                                             45       40                                          5    Magnesium Stearate   3        7                                                Total               300      700                                          ______________________________________                                    

Method of Manufacture

Mix Item Nos. 1 and 2 in suitable mixer for 10-15 minutes. Granulate the mixture with Item No. 3. Mill the damp granules through a coarse screen (e.g., 1/4", 0.63 cm) if necessary. Dry the damp granules. Screen the dried granules if necessary and mix with Item No. 4 and mix for 10-15 minutes. Add Item No. 5 and mix for 1-3 minutes. Compress the mixture to appropriate size and weight on a suitable tablet machine.

EXAMPLES B

    ______________________________________                                         Capsules                                                                       No.   Ingredient       mg/tablet                                                                               mg/tablet                                      ______________________________________                                         1     Active Compound  100      500                                            2     Lactose USP      106      123                                            3     Corn Starch, Food Grade                                                                          40       70                                            4     Magnesium Stearate NF                                                                            4        7                                                   Total            250      700                                            ______________________________________                                    

Method of Manufacture

Mix Item Nos. 1, 2 and 3 in a suitable blender for 10-15 minutes. Add Item No. 4 and mix for 1-3 minutes. Fill the mixture into suitable two-piece hard gelatin capsules on a suitable encapsulating machine.

EXAMPLE C

    ______________________________________                                         Sterile Powder for Injection                                                   Ingredient      mg/vial mg/vial                                                ______________________________________                                         Active sterile powder                                                                          100     500                                                    ______________________________________                                    

For reconstitution add sterile water for injection or bacteriostatic water for injection.

The in vitro and in vivo activity of the compounds of formula I can be determined by the following procedures.

In Vitro Procedure to Identify NK₁ Activity

Test compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit the activity of the NK₁ agonist Substance P on the isolated guinea pig vas deferens. Freshly cut vas deferens are removed from male Hartley guinea pigs (230-350 g) and suspended in 25 ml tissue baths containing Kreb's Henseleit solution warmed to 37° C. and constantly aerated with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂. Tissues are adjusted to 0.5 g and allowed to equilibrate for a period of 30 minutes. The vas deferens are exposed to an electrical field stimulation (Grass S48 Stimulator) every 60 seconds at an intensity that will cause the tissue to contract 80% of its maximum capacity. All responses are recorded isometrically by means of a Grass force displacement transducer (FT03) and Harvard electronic recorder. Substance P inhibits the electrical field stimulated-induced contractions of the guinea pig vas deferens. In unpaired studies, all tissues (control or drug treated) are exposed to cumulative concentations of Substance P (1×10⁻¹⁰ M-7×10⁻⁷ M). Single log-concentations of the test compounds are given to separate tissues and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes before a Substance P concentation-response curve is generated. At least 5 separate tissues are used for each control and individual drug-concentation for every drug assay.

Inhibition of the Substance P is demonstrated by a rightward shift of its concentration-response curve. These shifts are used to determine the pA₂ value, which is defined as the negative log of the molar concentration of the inhibitor which would require that twice as much agonist be used to elicit a chosen response. This value is used to determine relative antagonist potency.

Isolated Hamster Trachea NK₂ Assay

General methodology and characterization of hamster trachea responses to neurokinin agonists as providing an NK₂ monoreceptor assay is found in C. A. Maggi, et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol 166 (1989) 435 and J. L. Ellis, et al., J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 267 (1993) 95.

Continuous isometric tension monitoring is achieved with Grass FT-03 force displacement transducers connected to Buxco Electronics preamplifiers built into a Graphtec Linearcorder Model WR 3310.

Male Charles River LAK:LVG (SYR) hamsters, 100-200 g fed weight, are stunned by a sharp blow to the head, loss of corneal reflex is assured, the hamsters are sacrificed by thoractomy and cutting the heart. Cervical trachea segments are removed to room temperature Krebs buffer, pH 7.4, aerated with 95% O₂ -5% CO₂ gas and cleaned of adhering tissue. The segments are cut into two 3-4 mm long ring segments. Tracheal rings are suspended from transducers and anchored in 15.0 ml water jacketed organ baths by means of stainless steel hooks and 6-0 silk. Baths are filled with Krebs buffer, pH 7.4, maintained at 37° C. and continuously aerated with 95% O2-5% CO₂ gas. Tracheal rings are placed under 1.0 g initial tension and allowed a 90 min equilibration period with four 1 μM NKA challenge, wash and recovery cycles at 20 min intervals. 30 min vehicle pretreatment is followed by cumulative additions of rising doses of NKA (3 nM-1 μM final concentration, 5 min intervals between additions). The final NKA response is followed by a 15 min wash and recovery period. 30 min pretreatment with a test compound or its vehicle is followed by cumulative additions of rising doses of NKA (3 nM-10μM final concentration if necessary, 5 min intervals between additions). The final NKA response is followed by a 1 mM carbachol challenge to obtain a maximal tension response in each tissue.

Tissue responses to NKA are recorded as positive pen displacements over baseline and converted to grams tension by comparison to standard weights. Responses are normalized as a % of the maximal tissue tension. ED₅₀ 's are calculated for NKA from the control and treated NKA dose responses and compared. Test compounds resulting in an agonist dose ratio ≧2 at a screening concentration of 1 μM (i.e. pA₂≧ =6.0) are considered actives. Further dose response data is obtained for actives so that an apparent pA₂ estimate can be calculated. pA₂ is calculated either by estimation of K_(i) as described by Furchgott (where pA₂ =-Log K_(i), R. F. Furchgott, Pharm. Rev. 7 1995! 183) or by Shild Plot Analysis (O. Arunlakshana & H. O. Shild, Br. J. Pharmacol. 14 1959! 48) if the data is sufficient.

Effect of NK₁ Antagonists on Substance P-Induced Airway Microvascular Leakage in Guinea Pigs

Studies are performed on male Hartley guinea pigs ranging in weight from 400-650 g. The animals are given food and water ad libitum. The animals are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of dialurethane (containing 0.1 g/ml diallylbarbituric acid, 0.4 g/ml ethylurea and 0.4 g/ml urethane). The trachea is cannulated just below the larynx and the animals are ventilated (V_(T) =4 ml, f=45 breaths/min) with a Harvard rodent respirator. The jugular vein is cannulated forthe injection of drugs.

The Evans blue dye technique (Danko, G. et al., Pharmacol. Commun., 1, 203-209, 1992) is used to measure airway microvascular leakage (AML). Evans blue (30 mg/kg) is injected intravenously, followed 1 min later by i.v. injection of substance P (10 μg/kg). Five min later, the thorax is opended and a blunt-ended 13-guage needle passed into the aorta. An incision is made in the right atrium and blood is expelled by flushing 100 ml of saline through the aortic catheter. The lungs and trachea are removed en-bloc and the trachea and bronchi are then blotted dry with filter paper and weighed. Evans blue is extracted by incubation of the tissue at 37° C. for 18 hr in 2 ml of formamide in stoppered tubes. The absorbance of the formamide extracts of dye is measured at 620 nm. The amount of dye is calculated by interpolation from a standard curve of Evans blue in the range 0.5-10 μg/ml in formamide. The dye concentration is expressed as ng dye per mg tissue wet weight. Test compounds were suspended in cyclodextran vehicle and given i.v. 5 min before substance P.

Measurement of NK₂ Activity In Vivo

Male Hartley guinea pigs (400-500 gm) with ad lib. access to food and water are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 ml/kg dialurethane (containing 0.1 g/m diallylbarbituric acid, 0.4 g/ml ethylurea and 0.4 g/ml urethane). After induction of a surgical plane of anesthesia, tracheal, esophageal and jugular venous cannulae are implanted to facilitate mechanical respiration, measurement of esophageal pressure and administration of drugs, respectively.

The guinea pigs are placed inside a whole body plethysmograph and the catheters connected to outlet ports in the plethysmograph wall. Airflow is measured using a differential pressure transducer (Validyne, Northridge CA, model MP45-1, range ±2 cmH₂ O) which measures the pressure across a wire mesh screen that covers a 1 inch hole in the wall of the plethysmograph. The airflow signal is electrically integrated to a signal proportional to volume. Transpulmonary pressure is measured as the pressure difference between the trachea and the esophagus using a differential pressure transducer (Validyne, Northridge, CA, model MP45-1, range ±20 cm H₂ O). The volume, airflow and transpulmonary pressure signals are monitored by means of a pulmonary analysis computer (Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT, model 6) and used for the derivation of pulmonary resistance (R_(L)) and dynamic lung compliance (C_(Dyn)).

Bronchoconstriction Due to NKA

Increasing iv doses of NKA are administered at half log (0.01-3 μg/kg) intervals allowing recovery to baseline pulmonary mechanics between each dose. Peak bronchoconstriction occurs within 30 seconds after each dose of agonist. The dose response is stopped when C_(Dyn) is reduced 80-90% from baseline. One dose-response to NKA is performed in each animal. Test compounds are suspended in cyclodextran vehicle and given i.v. 5 min before the initiation of the NKA dose response.

For each animal, dose response curves to NKA are constructed by plotting the percent increase in R_(L) or decrease in C_(Dyn) against log dose of agonist. The doses of NKA that increased R_(L) by 100% (R_(L) 100) or decreased C_(Dyn) by 40% (C^(Dyn) 40) from baseline values are obtained by log-linear interpolation of the dose response curves.

Neurokinin Receptor Binding Assay(s)

Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the coding regions for the human neurokinin 1 (NK1) of the human neurokinin 2 (NK2) receptors are grown in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 2 mM glutamine, 100units/ml of penicillin and streptomycin, and 0.8 mg of G418/ml at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂.

Cells are detached from T-175 flasks with a sterile solution containing 5 mM EDTA in phosphate buffered saline. Cells are harvested by centrifugation and washed in RPMl media at 40° C. for 5 minutes. The pellet is resuspended inTris-HCl (pH7.4) containing 1 uM phsphoramidon and 4 ug/ml of chymostatin at a cell density of 30×10⁶ cells/ml. The suspension is then homogenized in a Brinkman Polytron (setting 5) for 30-45 seconds. The homogenate is centrifuged at 800×g for 5 min at 4° C. to collect unbroken cells and nuclei. The supernatant is centrifuged in a Sorvall RC5C at 19,000 rpm (44,00×g) for 30 min at 4° C. The pellet is resuspended, an aliquot is removed for a protein determination (BCA) and washed again. The resulting pellet is stored at -80° C.

To assay receptor binding, 50 μl of ³ H!-Substance P (9-Sar, 11 -Met 02!) (specific activity 41 Ci/mmol) (Dupont-NEN) (0.8 nM for the NK-1 assay) or ³ H!-Neurokinin A (specific activity 114 Ci/mmole) (Zenca) (1.0 nM for the NK-2 assay) is added to tubes containing buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) with 1 mM MnCl₂ and 0.2% Bovine Serum Albumin) and either DMSO or test compound. Binding is initiated by the addition of 100 μl of membrane (10-20 μg) containing the human NK-1 or NK-2 receptor in a final volume of 200 μl. After 40 minutes at room temperature, the reaction is stopped by rapid filtration onto Whatman GF/C filters which have been presoaked in 0.3% polyethylenimine. Filters are washed 2 times with 3 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH7.4). Filters are added to 6 mIs of Ready-Safe liquid scintillation cocktail and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry in a LKB 1219 RackBeta counter. Non-specific binding is determined by the addition of either 1 μM of CP-99994 (NK-1) or 1 μM SR-48968 (NK-2) (both synthesized by the chemistry department of Schering-Plough Research Institute). IC₅₀ values are determined from competition binding curves and Ki values are determined according to Cheng and Prusoff using the experimentally determined value of 0.8 nM for the NK-1 receptor and 2.4 nM for the NK-2 receptor.

NK₃ activity is determined by following a procedure similar to that described in the literature, e.g., Molecular PharmacoL, 48 (1995), p. 711-716.

% Inhibition is the difference between the percent of maximum specific binding (MSB) and 100%. The percent of MSB is defined by the following equation, wherein "dpm" is disintegrations per minute: ##EQU1##

It will be recognized that compounds of formula I exhibit NK₁, NK₂ and/or NK₃ antagonist activity to varying degrees, e.g., certain compounds have strong NK₁ antagonist activity, but weaker NK₂ and NK₃ antagonist activity, while others are strong NK₂ antagonists, but weaker NK₁ and NK₃ antagonists. While compounds with approximate equipotency are preferred, it is also within the scope of this invention to use compounds of with unequal NK₁ /NK₂ /NK₃ antagonist activity when clinically appropriate.

Using the test procedures described above, the following data (% inhibition or Ki) were obtained for preferred and/or representative of formula I:

    ______________________________________                                               % Inhibition       % Inhibition                                                NK.sub.1  Ki (NK.sub.1)                                                                           NK.sub.2                                                                               Ki (NK.sub.2)                                                                         Ki (NK.sub.3)                          Ex.   (1 μM dose)                                                                           (nM)     (1 μM dose)                                                                         (nM)   (nM)                                   ______________________________________                                         1     88.0      25       95.0    20     109                                    1C    44.0      --       16.0    --     --                                     2     69.0      40       17.0    --     --                                     7     69.0      121      13.0    --     --                                     22AK  67        132      95      2.0    --                                     22AL  12.0      --       100     2.0    --                                     35C   93        2.0      0.0     --     --                                     39F   93        4.3      96      12.0   --                                     42L   91        4.6      86      123.0  --                                     ______________________________________                                    

Compounds of the present invention exhibit a range of activity: percent inhibition at a dosage of 1 μM ranges from about 0 to about 100% inhibition of NK₁ and/or about 0to about 100% inhibition of NK₂. Preferred are compounds having a Ki≦100 nM for the NK₁ receptor. Also preferred are compounds having a Ki≦100 nM for the NK₂ receptor. Another group of preferred compounds are those having a Ki≦100 nM for each of the NK₁ and NK₂ receptors. 

We claim:
 1. A compound represented by the structural formula ##STR381## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a is 0, 1, 2 or3;b and d are independently 0, 1 or 2; R is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --OR⁶ or C₂ -C₆ hydroxyalkyl; A is ═N--OR¹, ═N--N(R²)(R³), ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²) or═NR²⁵ ; X is a bond, --C(O)--, --O--, --NR⁶ --, --S(O)_(e) --, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --C(O)N(R⁶)-- --OC(O)NR⁶ --, --OC(═S)NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)C(═S)O--, --C(═NOR¹)--, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)--, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ --, --N(R⁶)C(O)O-- or --OC(O)--, provided that when d is 0, X is a bond, --C(O)--, --NR⁶ --, --C(O)N(R⁶)--, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --OC(O)NR⁶ --, --C(═NOR¹)--, --N(R⁶)C(═S)O--, --OC(═S)NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)O--; provided that when A is ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²) and d is 0, X is not --NR⁶ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)--; and provided that when A is ═NR²⁵, d is 0 and X is --NR⁶ -- or --N(R⁶)C(O)--; T is H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heterocycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, phthalimidyl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl or R¹⁰ -bridged cycloalkyl; Q is R⁵ -phenyl, R⁵ -naphthyl, --SR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷), or --OR⁶ or R⁵ -heteroaryl!, provided that when Q is --SR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷) or --OR⁶, R is not --OR⁶ ; R¹ is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(n) --G, --G², --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(p) --M-- (C(R¹³)(R¹⁴))_(n) --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --G, --C(O)N(R⁶)--(C(R¹³)(R¹⁴))_(n) --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --G or --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(p) --M--(R⁴ -heteroaryl); R² and R³ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, --CN, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(n) --G, --G², --C(O)--(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(n) --G and --S(O)_(e) R¹³ ; or R² and R³, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a ring of 5 to 6 members, wherein 0, 1 or 2 ring members are selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N(R¹⁹)--; R⁴ and R⁵ are independently 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogeno, --OR⁶, --OC(O)R⁶, --OC(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁶)(R⁷), C₁₋₆ alkyl, --CF₃, --C₂ F₅, --COR⁶, --CO₂ R⁶, --CON(R⁶)(R⁷), --S(O)_(e) R¹³, --CN, --OCF₃, --NR⁶ CO₂ R¹⁶, --NR⁶ COR⁷, --NR⁸ CON(R⁶)(R⁷), R¹⁵ -phenyl, R¹⁵ -benzyl, NO₂, --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ R¹³ or --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷); or adjacent R⁴ substituents or adjacent R⁵ substituents can form a --O--CH₂ --O-- group; and R⁴ can also be R¹⁵ -heteroaryl; R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a), R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂ -C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkoxy-C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R¹⁵ -phenyl, and R¹⁵ -benzyl; or R⁶ and R⁷, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a ring of 5 to 6 members, wherein 0, 1 or 2 ring members are selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S-- and --N(R¹⁹)--; R⁹ and R^(9a) are independently selected from the group consisting of R⁶ and --OR⁶ R¹⁰ and R^(10a) are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁₋₆ alkyl; R¹¹ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --CO₂ R⁶, --OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), C₁ -C₆ hydroxyalkyl, --(CH₂)_(r) --OC(O)R⁶, --(CH₂)_(r) --OC(O)CH═CH₂, --(CH₂)_(r) --O(CH₂)_(s) -CO₂ R⁶, --(CH₂)_(r) --O--(CH₂)_(s) --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷) and --(CH₂)_(r) --N(R⁶)(R⁷); R¹⁵ is 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkoxy, C₁ -C₆ alkylthio, halogeno, --CF₃, --C₂ F₅, --COR¹⁰, --CO₂ R¹⁰, --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, --S(O)_(e) R^(10a), --CN, --N(R¹⁰)COR¹⁰, --N(R¹⁰)CON(R¹⁰)₂ and --NO₂ ; R¹⁶ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, R¹⁵ -phenyl or R¹⁵ -benzyl; R¹⁹ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂, --CO₂ R¹⁰, --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(f) --CO₂ R¹⁰ or --(C(R⁸)(R⁹))_(u) --C(O)N(R¹⁰)₂ ; f, n, p, r and s are independently 1-6; u is 0-6; G is selected from the group consisting of H, R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -hetero-cycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --OR⁶, --N(R⁶)(R⁷), --COR⁶, --CO₂ R⁶, --CON(R⁷)(R⁹), --S(O)_(e) R¹³, --NR⁶ CO₂ R¹⁶,--NR⁶ COR⁷, --NR⁸ CON(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁶)S(O)₂ R¹³, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷), --OC(O)R⁶, --OC(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(═NOR⁸)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --N(R⁸)C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --CN, --C(O)N(R⁶)OR⁷, and --C(O)N(R⁹)--(R⁴ -heteroaryl), provided that when n is 1 and u is 0, or when R⁹ is --OR⁶, G is not --OH or --N(R⁶)(R⁷); M is selected from the group consisting of a double bond, --O--, --N(R⁶)--, --C(O)--, --C(R⁶)(OR⁷)--, --C(R⁸)(N(R⁶)(R⁷))--, --C(═NOR⁶)N(R⁷)--, --C(N(R⁶)(R⁷))═NO--, --C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁶)--, --C(O)N(R⁹)--, --N(R⁹)C(O)--, --C(═S)N(R⁹)--, --N(R⁹)C(═S)-- and --N(R⁶)C(O)N(R⁷)--, provided that when n is 1, G is not OH or --NH(R⁶); and when p is 2-6, M can also be --N(R⁶)C(═NR²⁵)N(R⁷)-- or --OC(O)N(R⁶)--; G² is R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heterocycloalkyl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --COR⁶, --CO₂ R¹⁶, --S(O)₂ N(R⁶)(R⁷) or --CON(R⁶)(R⁷); e is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when e is 1 or 2, R¹³ and R^(10a) are not H; R²⁵ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --CN, R¹⁵ -phenyl or R¹⁵ -benzyl; Z is ##STR382## or morpholinyl; g and j are independently 0-3; h and k are independently 1-4, provided the sum of h and g is 1-7; J is two hydrogen atoms, ═O, ═S, ═NR⁹ or ═NOR¹ ; L and L¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, C₁ -C₆ alkenyl, --CH₂ -cycloalkyl, R¹⁵ -benzyl, R¹⁵ -heteroaryl, --C(O) R⁶, --(CH₂)m--OR⁶, --(CH₂)_(m) --N(R⁶)(R⁷), --(CH₂)_(m) --C(O)--OR⁶ and --(CH₂)_(m) --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷); m is 0 to 4, provided that when j is 0, m is 1-4; R²⁶ and R²⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -aryl and R⁴ -heteroaryl; or R²⁶ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -aryl or R⁴ -heteroaryl, and R²⁷ is --C(O)R⁶, --C(O)--N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(O)(R⁴ -aryl), --C(O)(R⁴ -heteroaryl), --SO₂ R¹³ or --SO₂ --(R⁴ -aryl); R²⁸ is H, --(C(R⁶)(R¹⁹))_(t) --G, --(C(R⁶)(R⁷))_(v) --G² or--NO₂ ; t and v are 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that when j is 0, t is 1, 2 or 3; R²⁹ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, --C(R¹⁰)₂ S(O)_(e) R⁶, R⁴ -phenyl or R⁴ -heteroaryl; R³⁰ is H, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl, --(C(R¹⁰)₂)_(w) --(R⁴ -phenyl), --(C(R¹⁰)₂)_(w) -(R⁴ -heteroaryl), --C(O)R⁶, --C(O)OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), ##STR383## w is 0, 1, 2, or 3; V is ═O, ═S or ═NR⁶ ; and q is 0-4.
 2. A compound of claim 1 wherein X is --O--, --C(O)--, a bond, --NR⁶ --, --S(O)_(e) --, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --C(O)NR⁶, --OC(O)NR⁶⁻ or --C(═NOR¹)--.
 3. A compound of claim 1 wherein Q is R⁵ -phenyl, or R⁵ -naphthyl.
 4. A compound of claim 1 wherein R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a) and R^(9a) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxyalkyl and alkoxyalkyl.
 5. A compound of claim 1 wherein X is --O--, --C(O)--, a bond, --NR⁶ --, --S(O)_(e) --, --N(R⁶)C(O)--, --C(O)NR⁶, --OC(O)NR⁶⁻ or --C(═NOR¹)--; T is R⁴ -aryl, R⁴ -heteroaryl, R⁴ -cycloalkyl or R¹⁰ -bridged cycloalkyl; Q is R⁵ -phenyl, or R⁵ -naphthyl; R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a) and R^(9a) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxyalkyl and alkoxyalkyl; and Z is ##STR384##
 6. A compound of claim 1 wherein A is ═N--OR¹.
 7. A compound of claim 1 wherein A is ═N--N(R²)(R³).
 8. A compound of claim 1 wherein A is ═C(R¹¹)(R¹²).
 9. A compound of claim 1 wherein A is ═NR²⁵.
 10. A compound of claim 5 wherein A is ═N--OR¹.
 11. A compound of claim 10 wherein X is --O--, --NR⁶ --, --N(R⁶)C(O)-- or --C(O)NR⁶ --.
 12. A compound of claim 10 wherein T is R⁴ -aryl.
 13. A compound of claim 10 wherein Q is R⁵ -phenyl.
 14. A compound of claim 10 wherein R^(6a), R^(7a), R^(8a) and R^(9a) are each H.
 15. A compound of claim 1 wherein Q is R⁵ -phenyl, T is R⁴ -aryl, R is H, a is 1, A is ═NOR¹, and ##STR385## is --CH₂ --O--CH₂, --CH₂ --N(R⁶)C(O)-- , --CH₂ NR⁶ CH₂ -- or CH₂ C(O)NR⁶ --.
 16. A compound of claim 15 wherein T is R⁴ -phenyl and ##STR386##
 17. A compound of claim 15 wherein R¹ is H, alkyl, --(CH₂)n--G, --(CH₂)_(p) --M--(CH₂)_(n) --G or --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁷), wherein M is --O-- or --C(O)N(R⁹)-- and G is --CO₂ R⁶, --OR⁶, --C(O)N(R⁶)(R⁹), --C(═NOR⁸)N(R⁶)(R⁷), --C(O)N(R⁹)(R⁴ -heteroaryl) or R⁴ -heteroaryl.
 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 19. A method of treating asthma, cough, bronchospasm, central nervous system diseases, inflammatory diseases and gastrointestinal disorders comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to a mammal in need of such treatment.
 20. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of ##STR387## 